Produção Nacional
A questão social
1989; Emerald Publishing Limited; Issue: 3 Linguagem: Português
10.11606/issn.2316-9036.v0i3p145-154
ISSN2316-9036
Autores Tópico(s)Rural Development and Agriculture
ResumoRESUMO A questao social esta na base das experiencias democraticas e dos surtos de autoritarismo que caracterizam a historia do Brasil Republicano. Ajuda a explicar avancos e recuos do processo politico nacional. Uma questao que muda de figura, conforme a epoca e a regiao, mas desafia todo o tempo os governantes, os partidos politicos, os movimentos sociais e as correntes de opiniao publica. Esse e um desafio que se reflete em textos fundamentais do pensamento brasileiro. A questao social se estende pelo campo e a cidade. Acompanha a urbanizacao, a industrializacao e o desenvolvimento extensivo e intensivo do capitalismo no campo. Esta na base das desigualdades regionais. Sem ela nao se explica o Nordeste, nem os lacos do Nordeste com o Centro-Sul, por um lado, e a Amazonia, por outro. Envolve o operario e o campones, inclusive com o negro, indio ou imigrante. Os problemas de trabalho, salario, saude, habitacao, educacao, transporte e outros rapetem-se em muitos lugares, todo o tempo. Em um pais em que a economia prospera continuamente, a questao social se re¬cria continuamente. Em boa parte, a historia do pensamento brasileiro tambem esta polarizada pela questao social, enquanto condicao fundamental da construcao da democracia. ABSTRACT The social question. v. 17, n. 2, p. 189-202, jul./dez. 1989. The social question is in the base of the democratic experiences and in the authoritarian manifestations which characterize the History of Republican Brazil. It helps to explain the advances and retroassion of the national political process. It changes its form according to the epoch and the region, but challenges the governors, the political parties the social movements and the chains of public opinion. That is a threat which is reflected in basical texts of the Brazilian thought. The social question is spreaded by the field and the city. The social question follows the urbanization, the industrialization and the extensive and intensive development of the capitalism in the country. It is the base of the regional unequality. The Northeast, the Center-south and the Amazony can't be explained without considering the social question. It enrolls the worker and the peasant, including as negro, indian and immigrant. The work, salary, health, habitation, education, transport and other problems are repeated in everywhere, every time. The social question is recreated continuously in a country where economics is always being developed. A great deal of the history of the Brazilian thought, is also emphasized by the social question, which is a basical condition of the democracy construction. RESUME La question sociale. v. 17, n. 2, p. 189-202, jul./dez. 1989. La question sociale est a la base des experiences democratiques et des manifestations d’autoritarisme qui ont caracterise l’histoire du Bresil Republicain. Elle explique les avances et les reculs du processus politique national. Elle change sa forme selon l’epoque et la region; elle affronte les gouverneurs, les partis politiques, les mouvements sociaux et les differents courants d'opinion publique. C’est un defi qui se manifeste dans plusieurs textes exprimant la pensee bresilienne. La question sociale s’etend vers la campagne et la ville. Elle accompagne l’urbanisation, l’industrialisation et le developpement du capitalisme a la campagne. Elle est a la base des differences regionales. On ne peut pas expliquer le Nordeste ni les liens qui l’attachent au Centre-Sud et a l’Amazonie, sans se rendre compte de la question sociale. Elle se rapporte aux ouvriers et aux paysans, aux noirs, aux indiens at aux immigrants, au travail, au salaire, a la sante, a l’habitation, a l’education, au transport, etc. Dans un pays developpe, la question sociale se renouvelle continuellement. Une grande partie da l’histoire de la pensee bresilienne se trouve polarisee par la question sociale, condition fondamentale de la construction de la democratie.
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