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Feeding by phototrophic red-tide dinoflagellates: five species newly revealed and six species previously known to be mixotrophic

2005; Inter-Research Science Center; Volume: 40; Linguagem: Inglês

10.3354/ame040133

1616-1564

Hae Jin Jeong, Yeong Du Yoo, JY Park, JY Song, ST Kim, Seung‐Han Lee, KY Kim, Wonho Yih,

Marine Toxins and Detection Methods

AME Aquatic Microbial Ecology Contact the journal Facebook Twitter RSS Mailing List Subscribe to our mailing list via Mailchimp HomeLatest VolumeAbout the JournalEditorsSpecials AME 40:133-150 (2005) - doi:10.3354/ame040133 Feeding by phototrophic red-tide dinoflagellates: five species newly revealed and six species previously known to be mixotrophic Hae Jin Jeong1,*, Yeong Du Yoo2, Jae Yeon Park3, Jae Yoon Song4, Seong Taek Kim1, Seung Hyun Lee1, Kwang Young Kim5, Won Ho Yih6 1School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-747, Republic of Korea2Saemankeum Environmental Research Center, Kunsan National University, Kunsan 573-701, Republic of Korea3Research Institute of Oceanography & Red Tide Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-747, Republic of Korea4Department of Oceanography, Kunsan National University, Kunsan 573-701, Republic of Korea5Faculty of Earth Systems and Environmental Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Chonnam National University, Kwangju 500-757, Republic of Korea6Coastal Research Center, Kunsan National University, Kunsan 573-701, Republic of Korea *Email: hjjeong@snu.ac.kr ABSTRACT: We report here for the first time that 5 red-tide dinoflagellates (Gymnodinium catenatum, G. impudicum, Lingulodinium polyedrum, Prorocentrum donghaiense, and P. triestinum) which had been previously thought to be exclusively autotrophic dinoflagellates, are mixotrophic species. We investigated the feeding behaviors, the kinds of prey species that 11 mixotrophic red-tide dinoflagellates (Akashiwo sanguinea, Alexandrium tamarense, G. catenatum, G. impudicum, Heterocapsa triquetra, L. polyedrum, P. donghaiense, P. micans, P. minimum, P. triestinum, and Scrippsiella trochoidea) fed on, and the effects of the prey concentration on the growth and ingestion rates of P. donghaiense, H. triquetra, P. micans, and L. polyedrum when feeding on algal prey. We have also calculated grazing coefficients by combining field data on abundances of P. donghaiense, H. triquetra, P. micans, and L. polyedrum and co-occurring prey species. All algal predators tested in the present study ingested small phytoplankton species that had equivalent spherical diameters (ESDs) < 12 µm. A. sanguinea and L. polyedrum were able to ingest large phytoplankton species such as H. triquetra, S. trochoidea, and A. tamarense. Prorocentrum spp. fed on prey by engulfing the prey cell through body sutures, while S. trochoidea engulfed prey through the apical horn as well as through the sulcus. Specific growth rates of P. donghaiense, H. triquetra, and P. micans on a cryptophyte and L. polyedrum on P. minimum and S. trochoidea increased with increasing mean prey concentration, with saturation occurring at mean prey concentrations of 110 to 480 ng C ml–1. The maximum specific growth rates (mixotrophic growth) of P. donghaiense, H. triquetra, and P. micans on the cryptophyte were 0.510 d, 0.283 d, and 0.197 d–1, respectively, under a 14:10 h light:dark cycle of 20 µE m–2 s–1, while their growth rates (phototrophic growth) under the same light conditions without added prey were 0.375, 0.184, and 0.106 d–1, respectively. The maximum specific growth rates of L. polyedrum on P. minimum and S. trochoidea were 0.254 and 0.303 d–1, respectively, under a 14:10 h light:dark cycle of 50 µE m–2 s–1, while their growth rates without added prey were 0.157 and 0.182 d–1, respectively. Maximum ingestion rates of P. donghaiense, H. triquetra, and P. micans on the cryptophyte were much lower than those of L. polyedrum on S. trochoidea and P. minimum. The calculated grazing coefficients of P. donghaiense, H. triquetra, and P. micans on the cryptophyte were up to 2.67, 0.091, and 0.041 h–1, respectively, while those of L. polyedrum on small Prorocentrum spp. and S. trochoidea were up to 0.026 and 0.011 h–1, respectively. The results of the present study suggest that the algal predators sometimes have a potentially considerable grazing impact on populations of the algal prey. KEY WORDS: Feeding process · Harmful algal bloom · Ingestion · Marine · Protist · Red tide Full text in pdf format PreviousNextExport citation RSS - Facebook - Tweet - linkedIn Cited by Published in AME Vol. 40, No. 2. Online publication date: September 06, 2005 Print ISSN: 0948-3055; Online ISSN: 1616-1564 Copyright © 2005 Inter-Research.