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Filibusters, Fenians, and a Contested Neutrality: The Irish Question and U.S. Diplomacy, 1848–1871

2011; Routledge; Volume: 12; Issue: 3 Linguagem: Inglês

10.1080/14664658.2011.626161

1743-7903

David C. Sim,

Historical Studies of British Isles

Abstract Abstract The period from the late 1840s to the early 1870s represented a distinct one in Irish-American politics. This article frames Irish-American nationalists active in this period as nonstate actors seeking to influence the course of U.S. foreign relations to serve their own interests. In particular, it focuses on the activities of the Fenian Brotherhood and an earlier, less well-known organization, the Robert Emmet Club. The actions of both highlighted the looseness of U.S. neutrality legislation and, ultimately, provided a compelling argument for Anglo-American rapprochement. Simultaneously, in the immediate postbellum years, U.S. statesmen had reason to manipulate the Irish question to further their own ends. As Anglo-American relations improved, however, the geopolitical value of Irish nationalism declined; Irish-American nationalists were left marginalized in the calculations of U.S. diplomats. Keywords: filibusteringCincinnatiFenian BrotherhoodIrish-American nationalismneutrality Acknowledgements The author would like to thank Jay Sexton, Claire Duddy, the participants at the Rothermere American Institute's graduate seminar series, and ANCH's anonymous readers for their helpful comments on earlier drafts of this paper. Notes 1. Jenkins, Irish Nationalism, 94; Belchem Belchem, J. 1994. Republican Spirit and Military Science: The 'Irish Brigade' and Irish-American Nationalism in 1848. Irish Historical Studies, 29(113): 44–64. [Google Scholar], "Republican Spirit," 46. 2. Miller Miller, K.A. 1985. Emigrants and Exiles: Ireland and the Irish Exodus to North America, Oxford: Oxford University Press. [Google Scholar], Emigrants and Exiles, 334–5; Brown, Irish-American Nationalism Brown, T.N. 1966. Irish-American Nationalism, 1870–1890, Philadelphia: Lippincott. [Google Scholar], 19–24; Belchem, "Republican Spirit," 63. 3. Doyle, "Remaking of Irish America," 212–6, 220–4. 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