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The Capsids of HIV-1 and HIV-2 Determine Immune Detection of the Viral cDNA by the Innate Sensor cGAS in Dendritic Cells

2013; Cell Press; Volume: 39; Issue: 6 Linguagem: Inglês

10.1016/j.immuni.2013.11.002

1097-4180

Xavier Lahaye, Takeshi Satoh, Matteo Gentili, Silvia Cerboni, Cécile Conrad, Ilse Hurbain, Ahmed El Marjou, Christine Lacabaratz, Jean‐Daniel Lelièvre, Nicolas Manel,

Immune Response and Inflammation

HIV-2 is less pathogenic for humans than HIV-1 and might provide partial cross-protection from HIV-1-induced pathology. Although both viruses replicate in the T cells of infected patients, only HIV-2 replicates efficiently in dendritic cells (DCs) and activates innate immune pathways. How HIV is sensed in DC is unknown. Capsid-mutated HIV-2 revealed that sensing by the host requires viral cDNA synthesis, but not nuclear entry or genome integration. The HIV-1 capsid prevented viral cDNA sensing up to integration, allowing the virus to escape innate recognition. In contrast, DCs sensed capsid-mutated HIV-1 and enhanced stimulation of T cells in the absence of productive infection. Finally, we found that DC sensing of HIV-1 and HIV-2 required the DNA sensor cGAS. Thus, the HIV capsid is a determinant of innate sensing of the viral cDNA by cGAS in dendritic cells. This pathway might potentially be harnessed to develop effective vaccines against HIV-1.