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Assessment of toxicity of Moringa oleifera flower extract to Biomphalaria glabrata, Schistosoma mansoni and Artemia salina

2015; Elsevier BV; Volume: 132; Linguagem: Inglês

10.1016/j.chemosphere.2015.03.041

1879-1298

Cláudio A.A. Rocha-Filho, Lidiane Pereira de Albuquerque, Luanna R.S. Silva, Patrícia C.B. Silva, Luana Cassandra Breitenbach Barroso Coelho, Daniela Maria do Amaral Ferraz Navarro, Mônica C.P.A. Albuquerque, Ana Maria Mendonça de Albuquerque Melo, Thiago Henrique Napoleão, Emmanuel Viana Pontual, Patrícia Maria Guedes Paiva,

Global Maternal and Child Health

This study reports the effect of an aqueous extract from Moringa oleifera Lam. flowers on Biomphalaria glabrata embryos and adults and on Schistosoma mansoni adult worms. The extract contains tannins, saponins, flavones, flavonols, xanthones, and trypsin inhibitor activity. The toxicity of the extract on Artemia salina larvae was also investigated to determine the safety of its use for schistosomiasis control. After incubation for 24 h, the flower extract significantly (p < 0.05) delayed the development of B. glabrata embryos and promoted mortality of adult snails (LC50: 2.37 ± 0.5 mg mL−1). Furthermore, treatment with the extract disrupted the development of embryos generated by snails, with most of them remaining in the blastula stage while control embryos were already in the gastrula stage. Flower extract killed A. salina larvae with a LC50 value (0.2 ± 0.015 mg mL−1) lower than that determined for snails. A small reduction (17%) in molluscicidal activity was detected when flower extract (2.37 mg mL−1) was exposed to tropical environmental conditions (UVI index ranging from 1 to 14, temperature from 25 to 30 °C, and 65% relative humidity). Toxicity to A. salina was also reduced (LC50 value of 0.28 ± 0.01 mg mL−1). In conclusion, M. oleifera flower extract had deleterious effects on B. glabrata adults and embryos. However, unrestricted use to control schistosomiasis should be avoided due to the toxicity of this extract on A. salina.