Late Neogene rift valley fill sediments preserved in caves of the Dead Sea Fault Escarpment (Israel): palaeogeographic and morphotectonic implications
2009; Wiley; Volume: 57; Issue: 2 Linguagem: Inglês
10.1111/j.1365-3091.2009.01089.x
ISSN1365-3091
AutoresSorin Lisker, Roi Porat, Amos Frumkin,
Tópico(s)Karst Systems and Hydrogeology
ResumoSedimentologyVolume 57, Issue 2 p. 429-445 Late Neogene rift valley fill sediments preserved in caves of the Dead Sea Fault Escarpment (Israel): palaeogeographic and morphotectonic implications SORIN LISKER, SORIN LISKER Department of Geography, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91905, Israel (E-mail: [email protected])Search for more papers by this authorROI PORAT, ROI PORAT Department of Geography, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91905, Israel (E-mail: [email protected])Search for more papers by this authorAMOS FRUMKIN, AMOS FRUMKIN Department of Geography, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91905, Israel (E-mail: [email protected])Search for more papers by this author SORIN LISKER, SORIN LISKER Department of Geography, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91905, Israel (E-mail: [email protected])Search for more papers by this authorROI PORAT, ROI PORAT Department of Geography, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91905, Israel (E-mail: [email protected])Search for more papers by this authorAMOS FRUMKIN, AMOS FRUMKIN Department of Geography, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91905, Israel (E-mail: [email protected])Search for more papers by this author First published: 14 January 2010 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3091.2009.01089.xCitations: 4Read the full textAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onEmailFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat Abstract Evaporitic-lagoonal marl and dolomite laminar fill sediments are preserved in relict dry caves of the Dead Sea Fault Escarpment (Israel) which has been tectonically active since the Late Neogene. The hosting caves are located within Turonian massive carbonate bedrock and at higher altitudes than previously documented fill sediments of the Dead Sea depression. Based on the relative altitudes of the cave sediments, the 'reversed stratigraphy' of the Dead Sea depression fill sediments, possible partial correlation of the cave sediments with other fill sedimentary units of the depression, and sedimentary, geochemical and mineralogical characteristics, it is concluded that: (i) the cave sediments are among the oldest of the depression fill; and (ii) the deposition of the cave sediments took place in hypersaline dolomite-precipitating water bodies of Late Neogene age, during the initial morphotectonic stages of the depression formation. Variable and relatively low Sr/Ca and δ34S ratios of the cave sediments (assuming precipitation from sea water) suggest variable fresh water input into the depositional brine. The present altitudes of the cave sediments reflect Late Neogene levels of water bodies in the depression, modified by vertical post-Late Neogene tectonic movements within the still active fault escarpment. According to these altitudes, a 50 to 250 m uplift of the western margins of the depression since the Late Miocene to Early Pliocene is inferred. References Agnon, A. (1981) Neogene development of the western margin of the southern Dead Sea Depression. Israel Geol. Surv. Curr. Res., 1981, 27–29. Avni, Y. (1998) Paleogeography and Tectonics of the Central Negev and the Dead Sea Rift Western Margin During the Late Neogene and Quaternary. Israel Geol. Surv Rep., Jerusalem, 231 pp. Bartov, Y., Agnon, A., Enzel, Y., Reches, Z. and Stein, M. (2000) Reconstruction of Lake Lisan levels by sequence stratigraphy of shore and lacustrine sediments at Massada. Israel Geol. Soc. Annu. Meet., Abstracts, Ma'alot 2000, 16 pp. Bartov, Y., Stein, M., Enzel, Y., Agnon, A. and Reches, Z. (2002) Lake levels and sequence stratigraphy of Lake Lisan, the Late Pleistocene precursor of the Dead Sea. Quatern. Res., 57, 9–21. Begin, Z.B. (1975) The geology of the Jericho sheet (geological map series 1:50,000). Israel Geol. Surv. Bull., 67, 35. Begin, Z.B., Ehrlich, A. and Nathan, Y. (1974) The Lisan Lake, the Pleistocene precursor of the Dead Sea. Israel Geol. Surv. Bull., 63, 30. Begin, Z.B., Nathan, Y. and Ehrlich, A. (1980) Stratigraphy and facies distribution in the Lisan Formation – new evidence from the area south of the Dead Sea, Israel. Israel J. Earth Sci., 29, 182–189. Begin, Z.B., Broecker, W., Buchbinder, B., Druckman, Y., Kaufman, A., Magaritz, M. and Negev, D. (1985) Dead Sea and Lake Lisan Levels in the Last 30,000 years: A Preliminary Report. Israel Geol. Surv. Rep., Jerusalem, 18 pp. Ben-Avraham, Z. and Lazar, M. (2006) The structure and development of the Dead Sea basin: Recent studies. In: New Frontiers in Dead Sea Paleoenvironmental Research (Eds Y. Enzel, A. Agnon and M. Stein), Geol. Soc. Am. Spec. Pap., 401, 1–13. Bender, F. (1974) Geology of Jordan. Contributions to the Regional Geology of the Earth. Gebruder Borntraeger Berlin, Stuttgart. Bentor, I.K. and Vroman, A. (1957) Geological Map of Israel, 1:100,000, Sheet 19 – Ha'Arava. Israel Geol. Surv., Jerusalem. Bentor, Y.K. and Vroman, A. (1960) Geological Map of Israel, 1:100,000, Series A, Sheet 16 – the Negev: Mount Sdom, Explanatory Text. Israel Geol. Surv., Jerusalem, 117 pp. Bookman (Ken-tor), R., Enzel, Y., Stein, M. and Agnon, A. (2004) Late Holocene lake levels of the Dead Sea. Geol. Soc. Am. Bull., 116/5, 555–571. Bowman, D. and Gross, T. (1992) The highest stand of Lake Lisan: ∼150 meter below MSL. Israel J. Earth Sci., 41, 233–237. Elron, A. (1980) The Geology of Lower Na'chal Zin. MSc Thesis, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem (in Hebrew; English abstract). Enzel, Y., Bookman (Ken Tor), R., Sharon, D., Gvirtzman, H., Dayan, U., Ziv, B. and Stein, M. (2003) Late Holocene climates of the Near East deduced from Dead Sea level variations and modern regional winter rainfall. Quatern. Res., 60, 263–273. Enzel, Y., Amit, R., Dayan, U., Crouvi, O., Kahana, R., Ziv, B. and Sharon, D. (2008) The climatic and physiographic controls of the eastern Mediterranean over the late Pleistocene climates in the southern Levant and its neighboring deserts. Global Planet. Change, 60, 165–192. Eyal, Y. and Reches, Z. (1983) Tectonic analysis of the Dead Sea Rift region since the Late Cretaceous based on mesostructures. Tectonics, 2, 167–185. Frumkin, A. (1997) The Holocene history of the Dead Sea levels. In: The Dead Sea – The Lake and its Settings (Eds T.M. Niemi, Z. Ben-Avraham and Y. Gat), pp. 237–248. Oxford University Press, Oxford. Frumkin, A. (2000) Karst and caves of Israel. In: Encyclopedia Biospeologica (Eds V. Decu and C. Juberthie), pp. 1840–1842. Société de Biospéologie, Bucarest, 3. Frumkin, A. (2001) The Cave of the Letters sediments – indication of an early phase of the Dead Sea depression? J. Geol., 109, 79–90. Frumkin, A., Kadan, G., Enzel, Y. and Eyal, Y. (2001) Radiocarbon chronology of the Holocene Dead Sea: attempting a regional correlation. Radiocarbon, 43/3, 1179–1189. Garfunkel, Z. (1978) The Negev: regional synthesis of sedimentary basins. 10th Int. Conf. Sed. I. Precongress, Israel, 35–110. Garfunkel, Z. (1981) Internal structure of the Dead Sea leaky transform (rift) in relation to plate kinematics. Tectonophysics, 80, 81–108. Garfunkel, Z. (1997) The history and formation of the Dead Sea basin. In: The Dead Sea – The Lake and its Setting (Eds T.M. Niemi, Z. Ben-Avraham and Y. Gat), pp. 36–56. Oxford University Press, Oxford. Garfunkel, Z. and Horowitz, A. (1966) The Upper Tertiary and Quaternary morphology of the Negev, Israel. Israel J. Earth Sci., 15, 101–117. Hall, J. (1997) Topography and bathymetry of the Dead Sea depression. In: The Dead Sea – The Lake and its Setting (Eds T.M. Niemi, Z. Ben-Avraham and Y. Gat), pp. 11–21. Oxford University Press, Oxford. Haq, B.U., Hardenbol, J. and Vail, P.R. (1987) Chronology of fluctuating sea levels since the Triassic. Science, 235, 1156–1167. Horowitz, A. (1974) The Late Cenozoic Stratigraphy and Paleogeography of Israel. Institute of Archeology, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv. Horowitz, A. (1987) Palinological evidence for the age and rate of sedimentation along the Dead Sea Rift, and structural implications. Tectonophysics, 141, 107–116. Kadan, G. (1997) Evidence for Dead Sea Lake-Level Fluctuations and Recent Tectonism from the Holocene Fan-Delta of Nahal Darga, Israel. MSc Thesis, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel (in Hebrew, English abstract). Kaufman, A., Yechieli, Y. and Gardosh, M. (1992) Reevaluation of the lake-sediment chronology in the Dead Sea basin, Israel, based on new 230Th/U dates. Quatern. Res., 38, 292–304. Krouse, H.R. and Grinenko, V.A. (1991) Stable Isotopes: Natural and Anthropogenic Sulphur in the Environment. SCOPE, 43, Wiley & Sons, Chichester, 440 pp. Land, L. and Hoops, G. (1973) Sodium in carbonate sediments and rocks: a possible index to the salinity of diagenetic solutions. J. Sed. Petrol., 43/3, 614–617. Langozky, Y. (1963) High-level lacustrine sediments in the Rift Valley at Sdom. Israel J. Earth Sci., 12, 17–25. Lisker, S., Vaks, A., Bar-Matthews, M., Porat, R. and Frumkin, A. (2009) Stromatolites in caves of the Dead Sea Fault Escarpment: implications to latest Pleistocene lake levels and tectonic subsidence. Quatern. Sci. Rev., 28/1-2, 80–92. Machlus, M., Enzel, Y., Goldstein, S.L., Marco, S. and Stein, M. (2000) Reconstructing low-levels of Lake Lisan by correlating fan-delta and lacustrine deposits. Quatern. Int., 73/74, 127–144. Manspeizer, W. (1985) The Dead Sea Rift: impact on climate and tectonism on Pleistocene and Holocene sedimentation. In: Strike-Slip Deformation, Basin Formation and Sedimentation (Eds K.T. Biddle and N. Christie-Black), Soc. Econ. Paleontol. Mineral. Spec. Publ., 37, 143–158. Migowski, C., Stein, M., Prasad, S., Negendank, J.F.W. and Agnon, A. (2006) Holocene climate variability and cultural evolution in the Near East from the Dead Sea sedimentary record. Quatern. Res., 66/3, 421–431. Miller, K.G., Kominz, M.A., Browning, J.V., Wright, J.D., Mountain, G.S., Katz, M.E., Sugarman, P.J., Cramer, B.S., Christie-Blick, N. and Pekar, S.F. (2005) The phanerozoic record of global sea-level change. Science, 310/5752, 1293–1298. Mor, O. (1987) The Geology of the Judean Desert in the Na'chal Darga area. MSc Thesis, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem, 112 pp. (in Hebrew; English abstract). Mor, O. and Burg, A. (2000) Geological map of Israel. Sheet 12-III, Mizpe Shalem, 1:50,000, Israel Geol. Surv., Jerusalem. Neev, D. and Emery, K.O. (1967) The Dead Sea, depositional processes and environment of evaporates. Israel Geol. Surv. Bull., 41, 147. Neev, D. and Hall, J.K. (1977) Climatic Fluctuations During the Holocene as Reflected by the Dead Sea Levels. International Conference on Terminal Lakes, Ogden, Oregon, U.S.A., Israel Geol. Surv., Jerusalem, 8 pp. Neev, D. and Hall, J.K. (1978) The Dead Sea Geophysical Survey. Final Rep. 2 – Seismic Results and Interpretation. Israel Geol. Surv., Jerusalem. Niemi, T.M. (1997) Fluctuations of Late Pleistocene Lake Lisan in the Dead Sea Rift. In: The Dead Sea – The Lake and its Setting (Eds T.M. Niemi, Z. Ben-Avraham and Y. Gat), pp. 226–248. Oxford University Press, Oxford. Niemi, T.M. and Ben-Avraham, Z. (1997) Active tectonics in the Dead Sea basin. In: The Dead Sea – The Lake and its Setting (Eds T.M. Niemi, Z. Ben-Avraham and Y. Gat), pp. 73–81. Oxford University Press, Oxford. Nissenbaum, A. (1969) Studies in the Geochemistry of the Jordan River – Dead Sea System. Unpublished PhD dissertation, University of California, Los Angeles, CA. Picard, L. (1931) Geological Researches in the Judean Desert. PhD Thesis, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem. Picard, L. (1943) Structure and Evolution of Palestine. Geology Department, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem, 134 pp. Plakht, J., Sheinkman, V. and Shlukov, A. (2002) Age of the Lisan Sediments: New TL-Data and Interpretation. Israel Geol. Soc. Annu. Meet., abstracts, Ma'agan 2002, 91 pp. Raab, M., Friedman, G.M., Spiro, B., Starinsky, A. and Zak, I. (1997) The geological history of Messinian (Upper Miocene) evaporites in the Central Jordan Valley (Israel) and how Srontium and Sulfur isotopes relate to their origin. Carbonates Evaporites, 12, 296–324. Raz, A. (1983) The Geology of the Judean Desert, En-Gedi area. Isr. Geol. Surv., Jerusalem, 110 pp. (in Hebrew; English abstract). Raz, A. (1986) Geological Map of Israel. Sheet 16-I, En-Gedi, 1:50,000, Isr. Geol. Surv., Jerusalem. Reches, Z. and Hoexter, D.F. (1981) Holocene seismic and tectonic activity in the Dead Sea area. Tectonophysics, 80, 235–254. Rosenfeld, A., Segev, A. and Halbersberg, E. (1981) Ostracode species and paleosalinities of the Pliocene Bira and Gesher formations (northwestern Jordan Valley). Israel J. Earth Sci., 30, 113–119. Roth, I. (1970a) The Geology of Wadi el-Qelt area. MSc Thesis, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem (in Hebrew). Roth, I. (1970b) Geological Map of Wadi el-Qelt. Sheet 12-I, Israel Geol. Surv., Jerusalem. Sagy, A., Reches, Z. and Agnon, A. (2003) Hierarchic three-dimensional structure and slip partitioning in the western Dead Sea pull-apart. Tectonics, 22, 1004. Schramm, A., Stein, M. and Goldstein, S.L. (2000) Calibration of the 14C time-scale to >40 ka by 234U–230Th dating of Lake Lisan sediments (last glacial Dead Sea). Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 175, 27–40. Schulman, N. (1959) The geology of the central Jordan Valley. Israel Res. Counc. Bull., 8G, 208. Schulman, N. (1962) The Geology of Central Jordan Valley. PhD Thesis, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem (in Hebrew). Shahar, Y. (1969) Marine Pliocene (?) strata in the Nebi Musa region. Israel J. Earth Sci., 18, 169–170. Shahar, Y., Reiss, Z. and Gerry, E. (1966) A new outcrop of marine Neogene in the Negev. Israel J. Earth Sci., 15, 82–84. Shaliv, G. (1991) Stages in the Tectonic and Volcanic History of the Neogene Basin in the Lower Galilee and the Valleys. Israel Geol. Surv. Rep., Jerusalem, 94 pp. Shamir, G. (2006) The active structure of the Dead Sea Depression. In: New Frontiers in Dead Sea Paleoenvironmental Research (Eds Y. Enzel, A. Agnon and M. Stein), Geol. Soc. Am. Spec. Pap., 401, 15–32. Sneh, A. (1993) Stratigraphic position of marine Pliocene deposits in the Lower Galilee and the Yizre'el Valley. Israel Geol. Surv. Curr. Res., 8, 74–75. Stanislavsky, E. and Gvirtzman, H. (1999) Basin-scale migration of continental-rift brines: Paleohydrologic modeling of the Dead Sea basin. Geology, 27, 791–794. Stein, M. (2001) The sedimentary and geochemical record of Neogene – Quaternary water bodies in the Dead Sea Basin – inferences for the regional paleoclimatic history. J. Paleolimnol., 26, 271–282. Stein, M., Starinsky, A., Katz, A., Goldstein, S.L., Machlus, M. and Schramm, A. (1997) Strontium isotopic, chemical, and sedimentological evidence for the evolution of Lake Lisan and the Dead Sea. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 61/18, 3975–3992. Stein, M., Starinsky, A., Agnon, A., Katz, A., Raab, M., Spiro, B. and Zak, I. (2000) The impact of brine-rock interaction during marine evaporite formation on the isotopic Sr record in the oceans: evidence from Mt. Sedom, Israel. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 64/12, 2039–2053. Stein, M., Agnon, A., Katz, A. and Starinsky, A. (2002) Strontium isotopes in discordant dolomite bodies of the Judea group, Dead Sea basin. Israel J. Earth Sci., 51, 219–224. Steinitz, G. and Bartov, Y. (1991) The Miocene–Pliocene history of the Dead Sea segment of the rift in light of K–Ar ages of basalts. Israel J. Earth Sci., 40, 199–208. Torfstein, A., Waldmann, N., Kolodny, Y., Gavrieli, I. and Stein, M. (2006) U–Th and δ18O chronology of the Amora Formation, Mount Sedom. In: Israel Geological Society Annual Meeting Abstracts, Bet-Shean (Eds R. Kessel, E. Kagan and N. Porat), 128 pp. Israel Geological Society, Jerusalem. Veizer, J., Lemieux, J., Jones, B., Gibling, M.R. and Savelle, J. (1977) Sodium: paleosalinity indicator in ancient carbonate rocks. Geology, 5, 177–179. Waldmann, N. (2002) The Geology of the Samra Formation of the Dead Sea basin. MSc Thesis, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem (in Hebrew; English abstract). Waldmann, N., Starinsky, A. and Stein, M. (2007) Primary carbonates and Ca-chloride brines as monitors of a paleo-hydrological regime in the Dead Sea basin. Quatern. Sci. Rev., 26, 2219–2228. Weinberger, R., Bar-Matthews, M., Levi, T. and Begin, Z.B. (2007) Late Pleistocene rise of the Sedom diapir on the backdrop of water-level fluctuations of Lake Lisan, Dead Sea basin. Quatern. Int., 175, 53–61. White, A.F. (1977) Sodium and potassium coprecipitation in Aragonite. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 41, 613–625. Zak, I. (1967) The Geology of the Sedom Mountain. PhD Thesis, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem (in Hebrew). Zak, I. (1974) Sedimentology and bromine geochemistry of marine and continental evaporites in the Dead Sea Basin. In Fourth Symposium on Salt (Ed. A H. Coogan). vol. 1, pp. 349–361. Northern Ohio Geological Society, Cleveland, OH. Citing Literature Volume57, Issue2February 2010Pages 429-445 ReferencesRelatedInformation
Referência(s)