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Abandoned tailings deposits, acid drainage and alluvial sediments geochemistry, in the arid Elqui River Basin, North-Central Chile

2012; Elsevier BV; Volume: 115; Linguagem: Inglês

10.1016/j.gexplo.2012.02.008

1879-1689

Jorge Oyarzún, Daniela Castillo, Hugo Maturana, Nicole Kretschmer, Guido Soto, Jaime M. Amézaga, Tobías S. Rötting, Paul L. Younger, Ricardo Oyarzún,

Geochemistry and Geologic Mapping

Two major pollutant sources related to hydrothermal ore deposits and mining operations exist in the Elqui river basin, Chile: (a) acid drainage from Andean epithermal El Indio Au–Ag–Cu–As district and nearby hydrothermal alteration zones, and (b) diffuse sediment dispersion from abandoned tailings deposits in usually dry creeks in the western belt of the basin. This work analyses the contribution of both sources to the current metal contents of the fine grained sediments of the rivers and creeks of the Elqui basin, including a group of chemical elements and data analysis techniques not considered in previous works carried out in the area. Analysis of "active sediments" (i.e., sediments in permanent contact with surface water) in the main channel and tributaries of the Elqui river reveals that both pollutant sources contribute to their exceptionally high Cu contents (between 0.1 and 0.2% in the minus 60 mesh fraction). However, As pollution (0.03%) is mainly derived from the El Indio district. Potentially toxic heavy metals (notably Cd, Pb, Hg and Mo) are present in low concentrations and do not represent major threats to ecology or human health. Nevertheless, ongoing erosion of abandoned tailings deposits may result in soil contamination and thus be detrimental to the export-oriented agriculture of the Elqui basin. Consequently, remediation of that source should be prioritized.