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A Combination of (ω–3) Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids, Polyphenols and <i>L</i>-Carnitine Reduces the Plasma Lipid Levels and Increases the Expression of Genes Involved in Fatty Acid Oxidation in Human Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells and HepG2 Cells

2011; Karger Publishers; Volume: 58; Issue: 2 Linguagem: Inglês

10.1159/000327150

1421-9697

Ulla Radler, Herbert Stangl, Sigrid Lechner, Gerhard Lienbacher, Rainer Krepp, Eduard Zeller, Martin Brachinger, Doris Eller-Berndl, Andréas Fischer, Christian Anzur, Gerhard Schoerg, Daniel Mascher, Claudia Laschan, Christian Anderwald, Alfred Lohninger,

Diet and metabolism studies

<i>Background:</i> Hyperlipidemia and obesity are associated with metabolic syndrome and increased risk in developing diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Nutritional supplements, e.g. <i>L</i>-carnitine and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), exert lipid-lowering effects. Hence, the hypothesis that dietetic intervention reduces plasma lipid levels and metabolic enzymes in overweight hyperlipidemic subjects was tested. <i>Subjects and Methods:</i> In a prospective placebo-controlled double-blind study in 22 moderately hyperlipidemic obese humans consuming low-fat yoghurt enriched with a combination of low-dose PUFAs, polyphenols and <i>L</i>-carnitine (PPC) twice a day for 12 weeks were compared to 20 matching participants ingesting low-fat yoghurt. The effects on plasma lipids and expression of enzymes involved in regulation of fatty acid oxidation in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and HepG2 cells were evaluated. <i>Results:</i> PPC consumption led to significantly reduced plasma free fatty acid (–29%) and triglyceride (–24%) concentrations (each p < 0.05). PPC application increased significantly peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα) mRNA abundances and those of PPARα target genes (carnitine palmitoyltransferases-1, CPT1A and CPT1B, carnitine acetyltransferase and organic cation transporter 2; each p < 0.05) in PBMCs. In controls, plasma lipid levels and PBMC gene expression did not change. These findings were substantiated by the results of cell culture experiments in HepG2 cells. <i>Conclusion:</i> Supplementation of PPC had marked lipid-lowering effects and PBMC gene expression profiles seemed to reflect nutrition-related metabolic changes.