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First report of Stemphylium solani causing leaf spot of Kalanchoe blossfeldiana in Taiwan

2012; Wiley; Volume: 25; Issue: 1 Linguagem: Inglês

10.5197/j.2044-0588.2012.025.010

2044-0588

Yuan‐Min Shen, Yao Yang, Yingli Fu, T.H. Hung,

Plant Disease Resistance and Genetics

New Disease ReportsVolume 25, Issue 1 p. 10-10 ArticleOpen Access First report of Stemphylium solani causing leaf spot of Kalanchoe blossfeldiana in Taiwan Y.M. Shen, Y.M. Shen Plant Protection Laboratory, Taichung District Agricultural Research and Extension Station, Dacun, Changhua, TaiwanSearch for more papers by this authorY.C. Yang, Y.C. Yang Taipei Branch, Taoyuan District Agricultural Research and Extension Station, New Taipei, TaiwanSearch for more papers by this authorY.J. Fu, Y.J. Fu Taipei Branch, Taoyuan District Agricultural Research and Extension Station, New Taipei, TaiwanSearch for more papers by this authorT.H. Hung, Corresponding Author T.H. Hung thhung@ntu.edu.tw Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, TaiwanSearch for more papers by this author Y.M. Shen, Y.M. Shen Plant Protection Laboratory, Taichung District Agricultural Research and Extension Station, Dacun, Changhua, TaiwanSearch for more papers by this authorY.C. Yang, Y.C. Yang Taipei Branch, Taoyuan District Agricultural Research and Extension Station, New Taipei, TaiwanSearch for more papers by this authorY.J. Fu, Y.J. Fu Taipei Branch, Taoyuan District Agricultural Research and Extension Station, New Taipei, TaiwanSearch for more papers by this authorT.H. Hung, Corresponding Author T.H. Hung thhung@ntu.edu.tw Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, TaiwanSearch for more papers by this author First published: 01 March 2012 https://doi.org/10.5197/j.2044-0588.2012.025.010Citations: 8AboutSectionsPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat Kalanchoe blossfeldiana is an economically important potted flower in Taiwan. Necrotic spots affecting both leaves and stems of this plant were recently discovered in different cultivated areas in Taiwan including Nantou, Miaoli, Taoyuan and Yilan Counties. The incidence of the disease was usually more than 80% in some severely diseased areas. Infected leaves produced tan or brown spots surrounded by chlorotic haloes (1-3 mm in diameter). These became raised and scab-like with age (Fig. 1). To identify the disease causing agent, tissue cut from edges of lesions was surface sterilised in 0.6% NaOCl and plated on potato dextrose agar (PDA). Colonies of a Stemphylium sp. were consistently obtained from diseased samples. Cultures were greyish green to light brown and produced a yellow pigment (gradually turning brown or red with age) (Fig. 2a). Muriform, brown, oblong conidia (25.5-53.0 times 15.5-31.5 μm) mostly constricted at the middle septum (Fig. 2b) were produced when exposed to alternate light and dark cycles (12 h/12 h). Optimum temperature for growth of the fungus was between 24-28°C. Molecular analysis was also conducted to identify the species of Stemphylium responsible. Internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequences of three selected representative Stemphylium isolates were determined and deposited in GenBank (Accession Nos. JF913266, JF913268, JF913269). Alignment results showed that the sequences were 100% identical to S. solani (São Paulo tomato isolate No.1) (AF203451) (Mehta et al., 2002). Based on morphological criteria (Mehta, 1998; Kim et al., 2004; Sobers & Seymour 1963) and molecular categorisation (Mehta et al., 2002), the pathogen was considered to be Stemphylium solani. Three voucher isolates (BCRC34730, BCRC34828 and BCRC34829) were deposited in the Bioresource Collection and Research Center, Hsinchu, Taiwan. Figure 1Open in figure viewerPowerPoint Figure 2Open in figure viewerPowerPoint To complete Koch's postulates, healthy plants of K. blossfeldiana cv. ‘Calandiva Bassey’ were selected. A total of 12 plants were sprayed with 120 ml of S. solani conidial suspension (approximately 8 times 103 conidia/ml) in 0.05% Tween 20. An additional 12 plants were sprayed with 0.05% Tween 20 solution only, serving as negative controls. Brown leaf spots could be observed on young leaves one week after inoculation (Fig. 3a) and all inoculated plants exhibited lesions on leaves and stems one month after inoculation at 22°C (Fig. 3b). Control plants remained healthy. The pathogen re-isolated from the inoculated tissues was morphologically identical to the original isolate, thus fulfilling Koch's postulates. Several studies have reported Stemphylium sp. infecting Kalanchoe sp., but their morphology, optimum growth temperature and molecular sequence information differ from this finding (Sobers & Seymour 1963; Sobers, 1965). This is the first report of S. solani causing leaf spot of K. blossfeldiana. Figure 3Open in figure viewerPowerPoint References Kim BS, Yu SH, Cho HJ, Hwang HS, 2004. Gray leaf spot in peppers caused by Stemphylium solani and S. lycopersici. The Plant Pathology Journal 20, 85– 91. Mehta YR, 1998. Severe outbreak of Stemphylium leaf blight, a new disease of cotton in Brazil. Plant Disease 82, 333– 336. [doi:10.1094/PDIS.1998.82.3.333] Mehta YR, Mehta A, Rosato YB, 2002. ERIC and REP-PCR banding patterns and sequence analysis of the internal transcribed spacer of rDNA of Stemphylium solani isolates from cotton. Current Microbiology 44, 323– 328. [doi:10.1007/s00284-001-0026-4] Sobers EK, 1965. A form of Stemphylium floridanum pathogenic to species of Kalanchoe. Phytopathology 55, 1313– 1316. Sobers EK, Seymour CP, 1963. Stemphylium leafspot of Echeveria, Kalanchoe, and Sedum. Phytopathology 53, 1443– 1446. Citing Literature Volume25, Issue1January 2012-June 2012Pages 10-10 FiguresReferencesRelatedInformation