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Biodiversity of Salix spp. Honeydew and Nectar Honeys Determined by RP‐HPLC and Evaluation of Their Antioxidant Capacity

2011; Wiley; Volume: 8; Issue: 5 Linguagem: Inglês

10.1002/cbdv.201000359

1612-1880

Carlo Ignazio Giovanni Tuberoso, Igor Jerković, Ersilia Bifulco, Zvonimir Marijanović,

Essential Oils and Antimicrobial Activity

Abstract Rare unifloral willow ( Salix spp.) honeys obtained from nectar or honeydew were investigated by direct RP‐HPLC‐DAD method in order to identify and quantify compounds that can be used as possible markers of their origin. Antioxidant and antiradical activities of willow honeys were evaluated using FRAP (=ferric reducing antioxidant assay) and DPPH (=1,1‐diphenyl‐2‐picrylhydrazyl radical) tests, respectively. Also HMF (=5‐(hydroxymethyl)furfural), diastase activity, and CIE L*a*b*C*h* chromatic coordinates were evaluated. Abscisic acids (ABA) are typical of willow nectar honey, with a predominance of ( Z , E ) ‐ ABA on ( E , E ) ‐ ABA (98.2 and 31.7 mg/kg, resp.). Kinurenic acid and salicylic acid are useful to mark willow honeydew honey. The proposed HPLC‐DAD method proved to be easy and reliable to identify the two different Salix spp. honeys, being not affected from any sample preparation artifact. Total antioxidant activity measured with the FRAP assay ranged from 3.2 to 12.6 mmol Fe 2+ /kg, and the antiradical activity measured with the DPPH assay ranged from 0.6 to 3.0 mmol TEAC (= Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity)/kg in nectar and honeydew honeys, respectively. Salix spp. nectar and honeydew honeys proved to be two completely different honeys, because, besides color attributes, they show different antioxidant properties and specific compounds.