Portal de Periódicos da CAPES

Can China Defend a “Core Interest” in the South China Sea?

2011; Taylor & Francis; Volume: 34; Issue: 2 Linguagem: Inglês

10.1080/0163660x.2011.562082

1530-9177

Toshi Yoshihara, James R. Holmes,

International Maritime Law Issues

Click to increase image sizeClick to decrease image size Notes 1. Edward Wong, "Chinese Military Seeks to Extend Its Naval Power," New York Times, April 23, 2010, http://www.nytimes.com/2010/04/24/world/asia/24navy.html. 2. U.S. State Department, "Remarks by Secretary Clinton: Interview with Greg Sheridan of The Australian," Melbourne, Australia, November 8, 2010, http://www.state.gov/secretary/rm/2010/11/150671.htm. 3. For some plausible interpretations of these conflicting accounts, see Carlyle A. Thayer, "Recent Developments in the South China Sea: Grounds for Cautious Optimism?" RSIS Working Paper, no. 220 (December 14, 2010), pp. 2–6, http://www.rsis.edu.sg/publications/WorkingPapers/WP220.pdf; and Michael D. Swaine, "China's Assertive Behavior, Part One: On 'Core Interests'," China Leadership Monitor no. 34 (Fall 2010), pp. 8–11, http://carnegieendowment.org/files/Swaine_CLM_34_1114101.pdf. 4. John W. Garver, Face Off: China, the United States, and Taiwan's Democratization (Seattle: University of Washington Press, 1997), p. 129. 5. While the exact nature of Beijing's maritime claims remains in contention even among Chinese analysts, a major school of thought views the South China Sea as sovereign territory. See Peter A. Dutton, "Through a Chinese Lens," Naval Institute Proceedings 136, no. 4 (April 2010): pp. 24–39. Also, for a historical perspective, see Andrew R. Wilson, "The Maritime Transformations of Ming China," in China Goes to Sea: Maritime Transformation in Comparative Historical Perspective, eds. Andrew S. Erickson, Lyle J. Goldstein, and Carnes Lord (Annapolis: Naval Institute Press, 2009), pp. 235–287. 6. Fareed Zakaria, From Wealth to Power: The Unusual Origins of America's World Role (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1998), pp. 128–180. 7. Dexter Perkins, A History of the Monroe Doctrine (Boston: Little, Brown, 1955), pp. 228–275. 8. Alfred Thayer Mahan, Naval Strategy, Compared and Contrasted with the Principles and Practice of Military Operations on Land (Boston: Little, Brown, 1911), p. 111. 9. Alfred Thayer Mahan, The Interest of America in Sea Power, Present and Future (1897; reprint, Freeport: Books for Libraries Press, 1970), pp. 65–68. 10. Alfred Thayer Mahan, The Interest of America in Sea Power, Present and Future (1897; reprint, Freeport: Books for Libraries Press, 1970), pp. 78–83. 11. Alfred Thayer Mahan, The Interest of America in Sea Power, Present and Future (1897; reprint, Freeport: Books for Libraries Press, 1970), p. 198. 12. Alfred Thayer Mahan, The Influence of Sea Power upon History, 1660–1783 (1890; reprint, New York: Dover, 1987), p. 138; Mahan, Interest of America in Sea Power, p. 198; Margaret Tuttle Sprout, "Mahan: Evangelist of Sea Power," in Makers of Modern Strategy: Military Thought from Machiavelli to Hitler, ed. Edward Mead Earle (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1943), p. 433. 13. U.S. Navy, Marine Corps, and Coast Guard, "A Cooperative Strategy for 21st Century Seapower," October 2007, http://www.navy.mil/maritime/Maritimestrategy.pdf. 14. Geoffrey Till, Seapower (London: Routledge, 2009), especially pp. 157–252. 15. "Defense Spending in a Time of Austerity," Economist, August 16, 2010. 16. C.S. Forester, The Good Shepherd (1955; reprint, Annapolis: Naval Institute Press, 1989), pp. 7–8. 17. Ian J. Storey, "China Debates the Need for Overseas Bases," Straits Times, April 29, 2010, http://www.iseas.edu.sg/viewpoint/ijs29apr10.pdf. 18. Bill Gertz, "China Has Carrier-Killer Missile, U.S. Admiral Says," Washington Times, December 27, 2010, http://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2010/dec/27/china-deploying-carrier-sinking-ballistic-missile/. 19. Samuel Flagg Bemis, A Diplomatic History of the United States, rev. ed. (New York: Holt, 1942), pp. 416–420. 20. Bernard D. Cole, "Right-Sizing the Navy: How Much Naval Force Will Beijing Deploy?" in Right-Sizing the People's Liberation Army: Exploring the Contours of China's Military, eds. Roy Kamphausen and Andrew Scobell (Carlisle, PA: Strategic Studies Institute, U.S. Army, 2007), p. 553. 21. Japan's latest Mid-Term Defense Program directs the Maritime Self-Defense Force to implement "measures for expanding submarine fleet." See Government of Japan, Ministry of Defense, "Summary of Mid-Term Defense Program (FY2011–2015)," December 17, 2010, p. 2, http://www.mod.go.jp/e/d_act/d_policy/pdf/mid_FY2011-15.pdf. According to Australia's 2009 defense white paper, Canberra plans to double its submarine force by the mid-2030s. See Australian Government, Department of Defence, "Defending Australia in the Asia Pacific Century: Force 2030," 2009, p. 64, http://www.defence.gov.au/whitepaper/docs/defence_white_paper_2009.pdf. 22. U.S. Navy, Marine Corps, and Coast Guard, "A Cooperative Strategy for 21st Century Seapower." 23. Mark Landler, "Offering to Aid Talks, U.S. Challenges China on Disputed Islands," New York Times, July 23, 2010, http://www.nytimes.com/2010/07/24/world/asia/24diplo.html. 24. James R. Holmes and Toshi Yoshihara, "China's Naval Build-up Not Over," The Diplomat, September 29, 2010, http://the-diplomat.com/2010/09/29/china%E2%80%99s-naval-build-up-not-over/. 25. Kathrin Hille and Mure Dickie, "China Reveals Aircraft Carrier Plans," Financial Times, December 17, 2010, http://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/fa7f5e6a-09cc-11e0-8b29-00144feabdc0.html#axzz1AxJuYD1L. Additional informationNotes on contributorsToshi YoshiharaToshi Yoshihara is associate professor of strategy at the U.S. Naval War College. Yoshihara was recently named John A. van Beuren Chair of Asia—Pacific StudiesJames R. HolmesJames Holmes is associate professor of strategy at the U.S. Naval War College