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Multiple Mechanisms of Extraocular Muscle “Overaction”

2006; American Medical Association; Volume: 124; Issue: 5 Linguagem: Inglês

10.1001/archopht.124.5.680

1538-3601

Burton J. Kushner,

Vestibular and auditory disorders

Objective To assign more specific pathophysiologic processes to the protean patterns of extraocular muscle "overaction" that we see in clinical practice. Methods By extrapolating from known principles of striated muscle physiology, a cohesive theory about extraocular muscle behavior is derived. Results The key to understanding apparent extraocular muscle overaction is to differentiate between a muscle that has decreased elasticity and one that is strengthened. Primary inferior oblique muscle overaction has the characteristics of a muscle that primarily has decreased elasticity, the superior rectus overaction/contraction syndrome appears to represent a muscle that is strengthened, and inferior oblique overaction secondary to ipsilateral superior oblique palsy has elements of both decreased elasticity and strengthening. Many motility patterns that appear to be due to an overacting muscle may in fact be caused by other muscles than the suspected one. Conclusion Apparent extraocular muscle overaction can be caused by many different factors.