Produção Nacional
Revisado por pares
São Paulo City Epigraphic Archive: Construction Steps and Procedures
2012; Taylor & Francis; Volume: 7; Issue: 5 Linguagem: Inglês
10.1080/15583058.2012.654892
ISSN1558-3066
AutoresAnna Paula Silva Gouveia, Priscila Lena Farias, Patrícia Souza Gatto,
Tópico(s)3D Surveying and Cultural Heritage
ResumoAbstract The study of architectonic epigraphs—engravings containing the names of those responsible for the design and construction of buildings—provides, in one respect, a better comprehension of letterforms and carving techniques, and of its relation to architectonic language. In another respect, it contributes to a better understanding of the history of the city, revealing the participation of architects, engineers, and constructors, some unknown or seldom studied. This study aims to describe the methods and procedures applied to the configuration of the São Paulo City Epigraphic Archive, a collection that comprises representations of architectonic epigraphs found in São Paulo city historical centre. The methods developed by the research team included systematic gathering and organization of many different kinds of data, from photographic records and transcription of contents to maps, rubbings, vector drawings, and three-dimensional reproductions of the engravings. As a result, 134 architectonic epigraphs were catalogued, and information on them was made available both physically and on the Internet. Keywords: Braziltwentieth centurybuilding designarchitectural letteringtypography ACKNOWLEDGMENT The authors would like to thank all researchers—professors and undergraduate students—that took and take part of the research team, and also to acknowledge the financial support provided by Brazilian funding agencies CNPq, CAPES, and FAPESP to the project. Notes 1 Epigraphy is a field of research connected to archaeology and palaeography. It concerns the study of old inscriptions in public spaces, engraved on resistant material (e.g., stone, metal, clay, wax) including their deciphering, dating, and interpretation. 2The project was developed by members of the research groups Tipografia Arquitetônica (UNICAMP) and Tipografia e Linguagem Gráfica (SENAC-SP), and coordinated by the authors of this study, with financial support from Edital MCT/CNPq 1412008–Universal #74099/2008-3, from 2008 to 2011. 3The categories for urban typography conceived for this investigation are: 1) architectonic, 2) honorary, 3) memorial, 4) registered, 5) artistic, 6) normative, 7) commercial, and 8) accidental (CitationGouveia, Farias, and Gatto, 2009a, p. 339–348). 4Architectonic epigraphs made of metal, very frequent in other cities, like Buenos Aires, are rare in São Paulo. 5 Cidade Limpa (literally, Clean City) is the nickname for São Paulo city law N° 14.223, from December 2006, that regulates the insertion of messages in the urban landscape, prohibiting advertising and restraining the size of fascia lettering. Many façades have been excessively cleaned or heavily painted during renovations done in order to comply with the law. More information on the law can be found in the city hall website at: http://www.prefeitura.sp.gov.br/portal/a_cidade/noticias/index.php?p=14184 6Forms B and D are used for gathering data about the insertion of the name of the building on the facade (lettering, composition, and materials); and on other typographic elements that appear on the building (number, deposit, and mail boxes), called objects and appliqués, with specification on the type of insertion, lettering, composition, and materials. 7The last version of the Excel spreadsheet comprises 121 rows, one for each of the buildings catalogued, and 33 columns. The columns are grouped according to the kind of information they contain: information on the building (spot number, tome number, building abbreviated name, and full name); on the architectonic epigraphs (number of inscriptions, address, area, transcription of the contents, according to the Leiden system); date (construction and/or opening date, reference for dates, other observations regarding dates); rubbings (number of inscription rubbed; total number of rubbings; technique used for rubbings; number of digitized rubbings; names of the archives containing digitized rubbings); vector illustrations (number of illustrations; illustration author); moulds (number of moulds made from inscription; authors of the moulds; number of existing moulds (after replication); number of inscriptions modeled); replicas (total number of replicas; observations on replicas; number of inscriptions replicated); photography (number of high resolution photographs taken of each inscription; number of high resolution photographs taken of the façade of the building; number of low resolution photographs); other observations; link to Picasa album; images available on Picasa. 8Examples of this kind of map are presented and discussed in CitationFarias et al. (2008). Figure 3. Map of plots for quadrant B, showing the locations of architectonic epigraphs in the surroundings of Sé square, identified by their spot number, and a suggested walking route (color figure available online). Display full size Figure 2. Map of plots with the locations of all the architectonic epigraphs, identified by their spot number, divided into quadrants (color figure available online). Display full size 9This topic is more deeply explored in CitationGouveia, Farias and Gatto 2009b.
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