Regional stasis of blood in the dysfunctional left ventricle: echocardiographic detection and differentiation from early thrombosis.
1982; Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; Volume: 66; Issue: 4 Linguagem: Inglês
10.1161/01.cir.66.4.755
ISSN1524-4539
AutoresFrank L. Mikell, Richard Asinger, K. Joseph Elsperger, W. R. Anderson, Morrison Hodges,
Tópico(s)Fuel Cells and Related Materials
ResumoHomeCirculationVol. 66, No. 4Regional stasis of blood in the dysfunctional left ventricle: echocardiographic detection and differentiation from early thrombosis. Free AccessAbstractPDF/EPUBAboutView PDFSections ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload citationsTrack citationsPermissions ShareShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InMendeleyReddit Jump toFree AccessAbstractPDF/EPUBRegional stasis of blood in the dysfunctional left ventricle: echocardiographic detection and differentiation from early thrombosis. F L Mikell, R W Asinger, K J Elsperger, W R Anderson and M Hodges F L MikellF L Mikell , R W AsingerR W Asinger , K J ElspergerK J Elsperger , W R AndersonW R Anderson and M HodgesM Hodges Originally published1 Oct 1982https://doi.org/10.1161/01.CIR.66.4.755Circulation. 1982;66:755–763 Previous Back to top Next FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsCited By Chen H and Dasi L (2023) An In-Vitro Study of the Flow Past a Transcatheter Aortic Valve Using Time-Resolved 3D Particle Tracking, Annals of Biomedical Engineering, 10.1007/s10439-023-03147-8 Hatoum H, Singh-Gryzbon S, Esmailie F, Ruile P, Neumann F, Blanke P, Thourani V, Yoganathan A and Dasi L (2021) Predictive Model for Thrombus Formation After Transcatheter Valve Replacement, Cardiovascular Engineering and Technology, 10.1007/s13239-021-00596-x, 12:6, (576-588), Online publication date: 1-Dec-2021. Sukulal K, Mohanan Nair K, Sasidharan B, Valaparambil A, Ganapathi S, Sivasubramanian S and Sivadasanpillai H (2020) Implication of d-dimer in rheumatic severe mitral stenosis – A tertiary centre study, Indian Heart Journal, 10.1016/j.ihj.2020.04.002, 72:2, (101-106), Online publication date: 1-Mar-2020. Raghav V, Clifford C, Midha P, Okafor I, Thurow B and Yoganathan A (2019) Three-dimensional extent of flow stagnation in transcatheter heart valves, Journal of The Royal Society Interface, 10.1098/rsif.2019.0063, 16:154, (20190063), Online publication date: 1-May-2019. Greer D, Beekman R, Johnson M and Huttner A (2019) Cerebrovascular Disease Atlas of Clinical Neurology, 10.1007/978-3-030-03283-8_5, (167-285), . Misumi I, Kiyama T, Tsunoda R, Honda T, Ishii M and Dosaka A (2016) Resolution of mid-ventricular thrombus in a patient with heart failure and high hematocrit, Journal of Echocardiography, 10.1007/s12574-016-0317-1, 15:2, (93-94), Online publication date: 1-Jun-2017. Weinsaft J, Kim J, Medicherla C, Ma C, Codella N, Kukar N, Alaref S, Kim R and Devereux R (2016) Echocardiographic Algorithm for Post–Myocardial Infarction LV Thrombus, JACC: Cardiovascular Imaging, 10.1016/j.jcmg.2015.06.017, 9:5, (505-515), Online publication date: 1-May-2016. Jørgensen P, Arnemo J, Swenson J, Jensen J, Galatius S and Frøbert O (2014) Low cardiac output as physiological phenomenon in hibernating, free-ranging Scandinavian brown bears (Ursus arctos) – an observational study, Cardiovascular Ultrasound, 10.1186/1476-7120-12-36, 12:1, Online publication date: 1-Dec-2014. KAWABORI M, YOSHIMOTO T, ITO M, FUJIMOTO S, MIKAMI T, MURAKI M, KANEKO S, NAKAYAMA N, KURODA S and HOUKIN K (2012) Spontaneous Echo Contrast and Thrombus Formation at the Carotid Bifurcation After Carotid Endarterectomy, Neurologia medico-chirurgica, 10.2176/nmc.52.885, 52:12, (885-891), . Guria G, Herrero M and Zlobina K (2009) Ultrasound detection of externally induced microthrombi cloud formation: a theoretical study, Journal of Engineering Mathematics, 10.1007/s10665-009-9340-9, 66:1-3, (293-310), Online publication date: 1-Mar-2010. Greer D, Kamalian S, Silverman S, Mitha A, Kinnecom C, Sanborn D, Greenberg S, Ogilvy C, Lev M, Kistler J, Furie K and Sa de Camargo E (2009) Cerebrovascular Disease Atlas of Clinical Neurology, 10.1007/978-1-57340-359-7_5, (133-214), . Kavlak E, Kucukoglu H, Yigit Z, Okcun B, Baran T, Ozkan A and Kucukoglu S (2007) Clinical and Echocardiographic Risk Factors for Embolization in the Presence of Left Atrial Thrombus, Echocardiography, 10.1111/j.1540-8175.2007.00420.x, 24:5, (515-521), Online publication date: 1-May-2007. Onozuka H, Muraki M, Mikami T, Yoshimoto T, Yoshizumi T, Kitaguchi M, Sugawara T, Tokuda K, Kaneko S, Kashiwaba T, Yamada S, Tsutsui H and Kitabatake A (2007) Prevalence and Clinical Importance of Spontaneous Echo Contrast Within the Carotid Artery in Patients With Ischemic Cerebrovascular Disease, Journal of Ultrasound in Medicine, 10.7863/jum.2007.26.2.169, 26:2, (169-177), Online publication date: 1-Feb-2007. CHEN E and REDBERG R (2007) Echocardiographic Evaluation of the Patient with a Systemic Embolic Event The Practice of Clinical Echocardiography, 10.1016/B978-1-4160-3640-1.50044-7, (969-998), . Lagattolla N, Burnand K and Stewart A (2005) Role of transoesophageal echocardiography in determining the source of peripheral arterial embolism, British Journal of Surgery, 10.1002/bjs.1800821222, 82:12, (1651-1654), Online publication date: 8-Dec-2005. Furie K, Ogilvy C, Smrčka M, Suwanwela N, Can U, Ay H, Cramer S, Greenberg S, Rordorf G, Finklestein S, Foster G, Koroshetz W, Suwanwela N and Kistler J (2003) Cerebrovascular Disease Atlas of Clinical Neurology, 10.1007/978-1-4757-4552-8_5, (117-198), . Bartel T, Vanheiden H, Schaar J, Mertzkirch W and Erbel R (2002) Biomechanical modeling of hemodynamic factors determining bulging of ventricular aneurysms, The Annals of Thoracic Surgery, 10.1016/S0003-4975(02)03892-4, 74:5, (1581-1587), Online publication date: 1-Nov-2002. Stokman P, Nandra C and Asinger R (2001) Left ventricular thrombus, Current Treatment Options in Cardiovascular Medicine, 10.1007/s11936-001-0025-6, 3:6, (515-521), Online publication date: 1-Dec-2001. Agarwal A and Venugopalan P (2001) Left atrial spontaneous echo contrast in patients with rheumatic mitral valve stenosis in sinus rhythm: relationship to mitral valve and left atrial measurements, International Journal of Cardiology, 10.1016/S0167-5273(00)00415-0, 77:1, (63-68), Online publication date: 1-Jan-2001. Ha J, Chung N, Kang S, Jang K, Kim I, Rim S, Jang Y, Shim W, Cho S and Kim S (2000) Enhanced detection of left atrial spontaneous echo contrast by transthoracic harmonic imaging in mitral stenosis, Journal of the American Society of Echocardiography, 10.1067/mje.2000.106791, 13:9, (849-854), Online publication date: 1-Sep-2000. Wang J, Choo D, Zhang X, Yang Q, Xian T, Lu D and Jiang S (2000) The effect of transient balloon occlusion of the mitral valve on left atrial appendage blood flow velocity and spontaneous echo contrast, Clinical Cardiology, 10.1002/clc.4960230708, 23:7, (501-506), Online publication date: 1-Jul-2000. BLACK I (2000) Spontaneous Echo Contrast: Where There's Smoke There's Fire, Echocardiography, 10.1111/j.1540-8175.2000.tb01153.x, 17:4, (373-382), Online publication date: 1-May-2000. KAMALESH M, COPELAND T and SAWADA S (2000) Effect of Inotropic Stimulation on Left Atrial Appendage Function in Atrial Myopathy of Chronic Atrial Fibrillation, Echocardiography, 10.1111/j.1540-8175.2000.tb01142.x, 17:4, (313-318), Online publication date: 1-May-2000. Lin L, Ho Y, Kao S, Wu C, Liau C and Lee Y (2000) Power Doppler-derived speckle tracking image of intraventricular flow in patients with anterior myocardial infarction: correlation with left ventricular thrombosis, Ultrasound in Medicine & Biology, 10.1016/S0301-5629(99)00131-3, 26:2, (341-346), Online publication date: 1-Feb-2000. Asinger R, Koehler J, Pearce L, Zabalgoitia M, Blackshear J, Fenster P, Strauss R, Hess D, Pennock G, Rothbart R and Halperin J (1999) Pathophysiologic Correlates of Thromboembolism in Nonvalvular Atrial Fibrillation: II. Dense Spontaneous Echocardiographic Contrast (The Stroke Prevention in Atrial Fibrillation [SPAF-III] Study), Journal of the American Society of Echocardiography, 10.1016/S0894-7317(99)70106-9, 12:12, (1088-1096), Online publication date: 1-Dec-1999. Yamamoto K, Nakagami H, Ikeda U and Shimada K (1999) Reply, American Heart Journal, 10.1016/S0002-8703(99)70046-3, 138:5, (998-999), Online publication date: 1-Nov-1999. Nakagami H, Yamamoto K, Ikeda U, Mitsuhashi T, Goto T and Shimada K (1998) Mitral regurgitation reduces the risk of stroke in patients with nonrheumatic atrial fibrillation, American Heart Journal, 10.1016/S0002-8703(98)70231-5, 136:3, (528-532), Online publication date: 1-Sep-1998. Kamiyama N (1998) Expression of Cell Adhesion Molecules and the Appearance of Adherent Leukocytes on the Left Atrial Endothelium With Atrial Fibrillation, Japanese Circulation Journal, 10.1253/jcj.62.837, 62:11, (837-843), . Barriales Villa R, Catalán Adivinación F, Rodríguez Blanco V, Möller Bustinza I, Casares García G and Barriales Álvarez V (1998) Contraste ecocardiográfico espontáneo en el ventrículo izquierdo: a propósito de dos casos, Revista Española de Cardiología, 10.1016/S0300-8932(98)74754-2, 51:4, (340-342), Online publication date: 1-Jan-1998. Fukazawa H, Yamamoto K, Ikeda U and Shimada K (1998) Effect of Mitral Regurgitation on Coagulation Activity in Atrial Fibrillation, The American Journal of Cardiology, 10.1016/S0002-9149(97)00856-4, 81:1, (93-96), Online publication date: 1-Jan-1998. Greaves S, Zhi G, Lee R, Solomon S, MacFadyen J, Rapaport E, Menapace F, Rouleau J and Pfeffer M (1997) Incidence and Natural History of Left Ventricular Thrombus Following Anterior Wall Acute Myocardial Infarction, The American Journal of Cardiology, 10.1016/S0002-9149(97)00392-5, 80:4, (442-448), Online publication date: 1-Aug-1997. Aiazian A, Taams M, Ten Cate F and Roelandt J (1997) Spontaneous echocontrast: etiology, technology dependence and clinical implications Advances in Echo Imaging Using Contrast Enhancement, 10.1007/978-94-011-5704-9_4, (65-83), . Fatkin D and Feneley M (1996) Stratification of thromboembolic risk of atrial fibrillation by transthoracic echocardiography and transesophageal echocardiography: The relative role of left atrial appendage function, mitral valve disease, and spontaneous echocardiographic contrast, Progress in Cardiovascular Diseases, 10.1016/S0033-0620(96)80041-7, 39:1, (57-68), Online publication date: 1-Jul-1996. Castello R and Puri S (1996) In vivo and in vitro studies on the mechanism and clinical significance of spontaneous echocardiographic contrast in patients with atrial dysrhythmias, Progress in Cardiovascular Diseases, 10.1016/S0033-0620(96)80040-5, 39:1, (47-56), Online publication date: 1-Jul-1996. Elizabeth Brickner M (1996) Cardioembolic Stroke, The American Journal of Medicine, 10.1016/S0002-9343(97)89525-3, 100:4, (465-474), Online publication date: 1-Apr-1996. Patel V, Weisse A and Feuerman M (1996) Reduction of left ventricular spontaneous echo contrast in cardiomyopathy by acute inotropic intervention or aggressive therapy, Clinical Cardiology, 10.1002/clc.4960190207, 19:2, (105-109), Online publication date: 1-Feb-1996. Waller B, Rohr T, Mclaughlin T, Grider L, Taliercio C and Fetters J (1995) Invtracardiac thrombi: Frequency, location, etiology, and complications: A morphologvic review-Part V, Clinical Cardiology, 10.1002/clc.4960181209, 18:12, (731-734), Online publication date: 1-Dec-1995. Lip G, Lowe G, Metcalfe M, Rumley A and Dunn F (1995) Effects of warfarin therapy on plasma fibrinogen, von Willebrand factor, and fibrin D-dimer in left ventricular dysfunction secondary to coronary artery disease with and without aneurysms, The American Journal of Cardiology, 10.1016/S0002-9149(99)80129-5, 76:7, (453-458), Online publication date: 1-Sep-1995. Walker P, Cranney G, Grimes R, Delatore J, Rectenwald J, Pohost G and Yoganathan A (1995) Three-dimensional reconstruction of the flow in a human left heart by using magnetic resonance phase velocity encoding, Annals of Biomedical Engineering, 10.1007/BF02771002, 24:S1, (139-147), Online publication date: 1-Sep-1995. Mohiaddin R (1995) Flow patterns in the dilated ischemic left ventricle studied by MR imaging with velocity vector mapping, Journal of Magnetic Resonance Imaging, 10.1002/jmri.1880050503, 5:5, (493-498), Online publication date: 1-Sep-1995. RIGDEN L, SEGAR D, MILES W, MITRANI R, KLEIN L and ZIPES D (1995) Spontaneous Echo Contrast Following Delivery of a Shock From a Transvenous Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillator, Journal of Cardiovascular Electrophysiology, 10.1111/j.1540-8167.1995.tb00413.x, 6:5, (396-399), Online publication date: 1-May-1995. Van Dantzig J, Delemarre B, Bot H, Koster R and Visser C (1995) Doppler left ventricular flow pattern versus conventional predictors of left ventricular thrombus after acute myocardial infarction, Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 10.1016/0735-1097(94)00548-5, 25:6, (1341-1346), Online publication date: 1-May-1995. Fatkin D, Loupas T, Jacobs N and Feneley M (1995) Quantification of blood echogenicity: Evaluation of a semiquantitative method of grading spontaneous echo contrast, Ultrasound in Medicine & Biology, 10.1016/0301-5629(95)02006-3, 21:9, (1191-1198), Online publication date: 1-Jan-1995. Rittoo D, Sutherland G, Currie P, Starkey I and Shaw T (1994) A Prospective Study of Left Atrial Spontaneous Echo Contrast and Thrombus in 100 Consecutive Patients Referred for Balloon Dilation of the Mitral Valve, Journal of the American Society of Echocardiography, 10.1016/S0894-7317(14)80009-6, 7:5, (516-527), Online publication date: 1-Sep-1994. Briley D, Giraud G, Beamer N, Spear E, Grauer S, Edwards J, Clark W, Sexton G and Coull B (1994) Spontaneous echo contrast and hemorheologic abnormalities in cerebrovascular disease., Stroke, 25:8, (1564-1569), Online publication date: 1-Aug-1994. deFilippi C, Lacker M, Grayburn P and Brickner M (1994) Spontaneous echo contrast in the descending aorta detected by transesophageal echocardiography, The American Journal of Cardiology, 10.1016/0002-9149(94)90418-9, 74:4, (410-411), Online publication date: 1-Aug-1994. Bernstein N, Demopoulos L, Tunick P, Rosenzweig B and Kronzon I (1994) Correlates of spontaneous echo contrast in patients with mitral stenosis and normal sinus rhythm, American Heart Journal, 10.1016/0002-8703(94)90481-2, 128:2, (287-292), Online publication date: 1-Aug-1994. Hwang J, Shyu K, Hsu K, Chen J, Kuan P and Lien W (1994) Significant Mitral Regurgitation Is Protective Against Left Atrial Spontaneous Echo Contrast Formation, but not Against Systemic Embolism, Chest, 10.1378/chest.106.1.8, 106:1, (8-12), Online publication date: 1-Jul-1994. HUTCHISON S, TAK T, MATTHEWS S and CHANDRARATNA P (1994) Spontaneous Echo Contrast in a Polycythemic Patient with a Ventricular Septal Defect, Echocardiography, 10.1111/j.1540-8175.1994.tb01375.x, 11:4, (333-335), Online publication date: 1-Jul-1994. Fatkin D, Herbert E and Feneley M (1994) Hematologic correlates of spontaneous echo contrast in patients with atrial fibrillation and implications for thromboembolic risk, The American Journal of Cardiology, 10.1016/0002-9149(94)90932-6, 73:9, (672-676), Online publication date: 1-Apr-1994. Fatkin D, Kelly R and Feneley M (1994) Relations between left atrial appendage blood flow velocity, spontaneous echocardiographic contrast and thromboembolic risk in vivo, Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 10.1016/0735-1097(94)90644-0, 23:4, (961-969), Online publication date: 1-Mar-1994. Reeder G, Charlesworth J and Moore S (1994) Cause of Spontaneous Echocardiographic Contrast as Assessed by Scanning Electron Microscopy, Journal of the American Society of Echocardiography, 10.1016/S0894-7317(14)80123-5, 7:2, (169-173), . Warren J and Rahko P (1993) Improved Echocardiographic Detection and Characterization of Left Ventricular Apical Thrombi With a 5.0 MHz Short-Focus Transducer, Journal of the American Society of Echocardiography, 10.1016/S0894-7317(14)80178-8, 6:6, (603-609), Online publication date: 1-Nov-1993. Monsuez J, Janier M, Van-Cao A and Le Gall J (2016) Absence of Enhancement of Spontaneous Echocardiographic Contrast by Thrombocytosis in a Patient with Left Ventricular Aneurysm, Primary Thrombocythemia, and von Recklinghausen Neurofibromatosis: A Case Report, Angiology, 10.1177/000331979304400810, 44:8, (651-654), Online publication date: 1-Aug-1993. Mizushige K, DeMaria A, Toyama Y, Morita H, Senda S and Matsuo H (1993) Contrast echocardiography for evaluation of left ventricular flow dynamics using densitometric analysis., Circulation, 88:2, (588-595), Online publication date: 1-Aug-1993.Chimowitz M, DeGeorgia M, Poole R, Hepner A and Armstrong W (1993) Left atrial spontaneous echo contrast is highly associated with previous stroke in patients with atrial fibrillation or mitral stenosis., Stroke, 24:7, (1015-1019), Online publication date: 1-Jul-1993. BLACK I and STEWART W (1993) The Role of Echocardiography in the Evaluation of Cardiac Source of Embolism:., Echocardiography, 10.1111/j.1540-8175.1993.tb00054.x, 10:4, (429-439), Online publication date: 1-Jul-1993. ASINGER R, HERZOG C, DICK C and MICHAUD L (1993) Echocardiography in the Evaluation of Cardiac Sources of Emboli:., Echocardiography, 10.1111/j.1540-8175.1993.tb00050.x, 10:4, (373-396), Online publication date: 1-Jul-1993. Kronzon I and Tunick P (1993) Transesophageal echocardiography as a tool in the evaluation of patients with embolic disorders, Progress in Cardiovascular Diseases, 10.1016/0033-0620(93)90021-5, 36:1, (39-60), Online publication date: 1-Jul-1993. Shyu K, Cheng J, Kuan P and Lien W (1993) Spontaneous Echo Contrast in Massive Pericardial Effusion With Tamponade, Chest, 10.1378/chest.103.5.1600, 103:5, (1600-1601), Online publication date: 1-May-1993. Michalis L, Thomas M, Smyth D, Why H, Monaghan M and Jewitt D (1993) Left Atrial Spontaneous Echo Contrast Assessed by TEE in Patients With Either Native Mitral Valve Disease or Mitral Valve Replacement, Journal of the American Society of Echocardiography, 10.1016/S0894-7317(14)80067-9, 6:3, (299-307), Online publication date: 1-May-1993. Cormier B, Vahanian A, lung B, Porte J, Dadez E, Lazarus A, Starkman C and Acar J (1993) Influence of percutaneous mitral commissurotomy on left atrial spontaneous contrast of mitral stenosis, The American Journal of Cardiology, 10.1016/0002-9149(93)90834-Y, 71:10, (842-847), Online publication date: 1-Apr-1993. Chow W, Chow T and Cheung K (1993) Formation of left atrial spontaneous echocardiographic contrast after surgical correction of mitral regurgitation, Journal of Clinical Ultrasound, 10.1002/jcu.1870210312, 21:3, (209-210), Online publication date: 1-Mar-1993. Black I, Chesterman C, Hopkins A, Lee L, Chong B and Walsh W (1993) Hematologic correlates of left atrial spontaneous echo contrast and thromboembolism in nonvalvular atrial fibrillation, Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 10.1016/0735-1097(93)90688-W, 21:2, (451-457), Online publication date: 1-Feb-1993. ROUDAUT R, DURANDET P, LEHERISSIER A, GOSSE P, KOCH M and DALLOCCHIO M (1993) Spontaneous Echo Contrast in Patients with Sinus Rhythm but Poor Atrial Contraction, Echocardiography, 10.1111/j.1540-8175.1993.tb00003.x, 10:1, (5-10), Online publication date: 1-Jan-1993. Shammas R, Reeves W and Nanda N (1993) Spontaneous echographic contrast — etiology and clinical implications Advances in Echo Imaging Using Contrast Enhancement, 10.1007/978-94-015-8126-4_13, (217-229), . Merino A, Hauptman P, Badimon L, Badimon J, Cohen M, Fuster V and Goldman M (1992) Echocardiographic "smoke" is produced by an interaction of erythrocytes and plasma proteins modulated by shear forces, Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 10.1016/0735-1097(92)90463-W, 20:7, (1661-1668), Online publication date: 1-Dec-1992. Reisner S, Rinkevich D, Markiewicz W, Adler Z and Milo S (1992) Spontaneous echocardiographic contrast with the carbomedics mitral valve prosthesis, The American Journal of Cardiology, 10.1016/0002-9149(92)90309-M, 70:18, (1497-1500), Online publication date: 1-Dec-1992. Pennestri' F, Biasucci L, Rinelli G, Mongiardo R, Lombardo A, Rossi E, Amico C, Aquilina O and Loperfido F (1992) Abnormal intraventricular flow patterns in left ventricular dysfunction determined by color Doppler study, American Heart Journal, 10.1016/0002-8703(92)90980-A, 124:4, (966-974), Online publication date: 1-Oct-1992. Wang X, Liu L, Cheng T, Li Z, Deng Y and Wang J (1992) The relationship between intracardiovascular smoke-like echo and erythrocyte rouleaux formation, American Heart Journal, 10.1016/0002-8703(92)90979-6, 124:4, (961-965), Online publication date: 1-Oct-1992. Rohmann S, Erbel R, Darius H, Makowski T, Jensen P, Fischer T and Meyer J (1992) Spontaneous echo contrast imaging in infective endocarditis: a predictor of complications?, The International Journal of Cardiac Imaging, 10.1007/BF01146838, 8:3, (197-207), Online publication date: 1-Sep-1992. Liang-Miin T, Jyh-Hong C, Ching-Jing F, Li-Jen L and Chi-Ming K (1992) Clinical implications of left atrial spontaneous echo contrast in nonrheumatic atrial fibrillation, The American Journal of Cardiology, 10.1016/0002-9149(92)90613-4, 70:3, (327-331), Online publication date: 1-Aug-1992. de Belder M, Lovat L, Tourikis L, Leech G and Camm A (1992) Limitations of transoesophageal echocardiography in patients with focal cerebral ischaemic events., Heart, 10.1136/hrt.67.4.297, 67:4, (297-303), Online publication date: 1-Apr-1992. Monsuez J, Leleu-Nahmias G, Garrouste M, Frija J and Gall J (1992) Spontaneous echocardiographic contrast as a diagnostic tool for ruptured aneurysms of the aortic arch, The Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, 10.1016/S0022-5223(19)35012-3, 103:3, (601-603), Online publication date: 1-Mar-1992. Torrecilla E, García-Fernández M, Román D, Muñóz R, Palomo J and Delcán J (1992) Left atrial spontaneous echocardiographic contrast after heart transplantation, The American Journal of Cardiology, 10.1016/0002-9149(92)90515-Z, 69:8, (817-818), Online publication date: 1-Mar-1992. Chow W, Chow L and Cheung K (1992) Resolution of spontaneous echocardiographic contrast after percutaneous balloon mitral commissurotomy, International Journal of Cardiology, 10.1016/0167-5273(92)90157-X, 34:2, (209-210), Online publication date: 1-Feb-1992. Mahony C, Ferguson J and Charles Fischer P (1992) Red cell aggregation and the echogenicity of whole blood, Ultrasound in Medicine & Biology, 10.1016/0301-5629(92)90072-I, 18:6-7, (579-586), Online publication date: 1-Jan-1992. Schneider B, Hofmann T, Meinertz T and Hanrath P (1992) Diagnostic value of transesophageal echocardiography in atrial septal aneurysm, The International Journal of Cardiac Imaging, 10.1007/BF01137535, 8:2, (143-152), . Black I, Hopkins A, Lee L and Walsh W (1991) Left atrial spontaneous echo contrast: A clinical and echocardiographic analysis, Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 10.1016/0735-1097(91)90592-W, 18:2, (398-404), Online publication date: 1-Aug-1991. HUMBERT V and KADIRESAN V (1991) Spontaneous Left Ventricular Contrast Echoes in a Patient with Aortic Regurgitation, Echocardiography, 10.1111/j.1540-8175.1991.tb01199.x, 8:3, (353-356), Online publication date: 1-May-1991. D'CRUZ I and SHARAF I (1991) Patterns of Flow Within the Dilated Cardiomyopathy Left Ventricle: Color Flow Doppler Observations, Echocardiography, 10.1111/j.1540-8175.1991.tb01393.x, 8:2, (227-231), Online publication date: 1-Mar-1991. IP J, STEIN B, FUSTER V and BADIMON L (2006) Antithrombotic Therapy in Cardiovascular Diseases, Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1991.tb43711.x, 614:1, (289-311), Online publication date: 1-Feb-1991. Gomez C and Labovitz A (1991) Transesophageal echocardiography in the etiologic diagnosis of stroke, Journal of Stroke and Cerebrovascular Diseases, 10.1016/S1052-3057(11)80006-6, 1:2, (81-87), Online publication date: 1-Jan-1991. Pearson A, Labovitz A, Tatineni S and Gomez C (1991) Superiority of transesophageal echocardiography in detecting cardiac source of embolism in patients with cerebral ischemia of uncertain etiology, Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 10.1016/0735-1097(91)90705-E, 17:1, (66-72), Online publication date: 1-Jan-1991. Visser C, Delemarre B and Dunning A (1991) Prognostic information obtained by 2D-echo- Doppler evaluation in acute myocardial infarction Ultrasound in Coronary Artery Disease, 10.1007/978-94-009-0611-2_17, (197-212), . Amico A, Iliceto S, Memmola C, Piccinni G, Caiati C, Pellegrini C and Rizzon P (1991) Detection and evaluation of left ventricular thrombosis in myocardial infarction Ultrasound in Coronary Artery Disease, 10.1007/978-94-009-0611-2_14, (143-149), . D'Cruz I, Holman M and Childers L (1990) Spontaneous mobile contrast echoes in pericardial effusion, American Heart Journal, 10.1016/0002-8703(90)90273-Z, 120:6, (1472-1475), Online publication date: 1-Dec-1990. Doud D, Jacobs W, Moran J and Scanlon P (1990) The Natural History of Left Ventricular Spontaneous Contrast, Journal of the American Society of Echocardiography, 10.1016/S0894-7317(14)80362-3, 3:6, (465-470), Online publication date: 1-Nov-1990. Destro G, Barbieri E, Bicego D, Zanolla L, Franceschini L and Zardini P (1990) Acute anterior myocardial infarction: Streptokinase prevents ventricular thrombosis independently of its effect on infarct size, Clinical Cardiology, 10.1002/clc.4960131108, 13:11, (789-793), Online publication date: 1-Nov-1990. Schneider B, Hanrath P, Vogel P and Meinertz T (1990) Improved morphologic characterization of atrial septal aneurysm by transesophageal echocardiography: Relation to cerebrovascular events, Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 10.1016/S0735-1097(10)80354-7, 16:4, (1000-1009), Online publication date: 1-Oct-1990. Castello R, Pearson A, Fagan L and Labovitz A (1990) Spontaneous echocardiographic contrast in the descending aorta, American Heart Journal, 10.1016/0002-8703(90)90210-O, 120:4, (915-919), Online publication date: 1-Oct-1990. Monsuez J, Miclea J, Brice P, Chauveinc L and Boiron M (1990) Platelet infusion-related echocardiographic contrast, The American Journal of Cardiology, 10.1016/0002-9149(90)90602-W, 66:2, (244), Online publication date: 1-Jul-1990. SLAGBOOM T, TAAMS M, VLETTER W, SUTHERLAND G, FEYTER P and SERRUYS P (1990) Disappearance of Spontaneous Echographic Contrast after Balloon Mitral Valvuloplasty: An Indicator of Sustained Hemodynamic Improvement, Journal of Interventional Cardiology, 10.1111/j.1540-8183.1990.tb00969.x, 3:2, (109-112), Online publication date: 1-Jun-1990. Chow W, Tai Y, Cheung K and Yip A (1990) Spontaneous dynamic echoes in aortic dissection, Journal of Clinical Ultrasound, 10.1002/jcu.1870180514, 18:5, (442-445), Online publication date: 1-Jun-1990. Castello R, Pearson A and Labovitz A (1990) Prevalence and clinical implications of atrial spontaneous contrast in patients undergoing transesophageal echocardiography, The American Journal of Cardiology, 10.1016/0002-9149(90)90330-4, 65:16, (1149-1153), Online publication date: 1-May-1990. Kessler K (1990) Predictors of left ventricular thrombus formation: Flow, asynergy and morphology, Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 10.1016/S0735-1097(10)80063-4, 15:2, (361-362), Online publication date: 1-Feb-1990. Stein B, Fuster V, Halperin J and Chesebro J (1989) Antithrombotic therapy in cardiac disease. An emerging approach based on pathogenesis and risk., Circulation, 80:6, (1501-1513), Online publication date: 1-Dec-1989. Chandrasekaran K, Ross J, Covalesky V, Kresh J and Mintz G (1989) Two-dimensional echocardiographic visualization of turbulent intracardiac blood flow across the stenotic mitral valve, American Heart Journal, 10.1016/0002-8703(89)90285-8, 118:3, (625-627), Online publication date: 1-Sep-1989. Stein B and Fuster V (1989) Antithrombotic therapy in acute myocardial infarction: Prevention of venous, left ventricular and coronary artery thromboembolism, The American Journal of Cardiology, 10.1016/S0002-9149(89)80008-6, 64:4, (33B-40B), Online publication date: 1-Jul-1989. Chia B, Choo M, Yan P, Ee B, Lee C and Shears J (1989) Intra-atrial Smoke-like Echoes and Thrombi Formation, Chest, 10.1378/chest.95.4.912, 95:4, (912-914), Online publication date: 1-Apr-1989. Jugdutt B, Sivaram C, Wortman C, Trudell C and Penner P (1989) Prospective two-dimensional echocardiographic evaluation of left ventricular thrombus and embolism after acute myocardial infarction, Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 10.1016/0735-1097(89)90592-5, 13:3, (554-564), Online publication date: 1-Mar-1989. Daniel W, Nellessen U, Mügge A, Schröder E and Lichtlen P (1989) Detection of cardiac and extracardiac masses by transesophageal echocardiography Echocardiography in Cardiac Interventions, 10.1007/978-94-009-0907-6_19, (261-271), . Pinamonti B, Alberti E, Cigalotto A, Dreas L, Salvi A, Silvestri F and Camerini F (1988) Echocardiographic findings in myocarditis, The American Journal of Cardiology, 10.1016/0002-9149(88)90226-3, 62:4, (285-291), Online publication date: 1-Aug-1988. Beppu S, Izumi S, Miyatake K, Nagata S, Park Y, Sakakibara H and Nimura Y (1988) Abnormal blood pathways in left ventricular cavity in acute myocardial infarction. Experimental observations with special reference to regional wall motion abnormality and hemostasis., Circulation, 78:1, (157-164), Online publication date: 1-Jul-1988. Daniel W, Nellessen U, Schröder E, Nonnast-Daniel B, Bednarski P, Nikutta P and Lichtlen P (1988) Left atrial spontaneous echo contrast in mitral valve disease: An indicator for an increased thromboembolic risk, Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 10.1016/0735-1097(88)90283-5, 11:6, (1204-1211), Online publication date: 1-Jun-1988. LICHTENBERG G and MELTZER R (1988) Spontaneous Echocardiographic Contrast, Echocardiography, 10.1111/j.1540-8175.1988.tb00250.x, 5:3, (177-178), Online publication date: 1-May-1988. GALANTI G, CASTELLANI S, TONCELLI L and COMEGLIO M (1988) Spontaneous Echocardiographic Contrast Effect in the Left Ventricle of Endurance Athletes, Echocardiography, 10.1111/j.1540-8175.1988.tb00249.x, 5:3, (173-176), Online publication date: 1-May-1988. Delemarre B, Bot H, Visser C and Dunning A (1988) Pulsed Doppler Echocardiographic Description of a Circular Flow Pattern in Spontaneous Left Ventricular Contrast, Journal of the American Society of Echocardiography, 10.1016/S0894-7317(88)80092-0, 1:2, (114-118), Online publication date: 1-Mar-1988. Delemarre B and Visser C (1988) Doppler Echocardiography in Coronary Artery Disease Echocardiography in Coronary Artery Disease, 10.1007/978-1-4613-1767-8_15, (191-209), . Taams M, Gussenhoven E and Lancee C (1987) Left atrial vascularised thrombus diagnosed by transoesophageal cross sectional echocardiography., Heart, 10.1136/hrt.58.6.669, 58:6, (669-671), Online publication date: 1-Dec-1987. Mahony C (1987) The ultrasonic detection of platelet aggregates, Thrombosis Research, 10.1016/0049-3848(87)90105-8, 47:6, (665-672), Online publication date: 1-Sep-1987. LOUIE E (1987) Congestive Cardiomyopathy: Doppler Echocardiographic Assessment of Structure and Function, Echocardiography, 10.1111/j.1540-8175.1987.tb01328.x, 4:2, (119-140), Online publication date: 1-Mar-1987. Vargas-Barron J, Lacy-Niebla M, Keirns C, Attie F, Gonzalez-Medina A, Madrid J and Quiroz^y Ferrari F (1987) Echocardiographic detection of dynamic intracavitary echoes and right atrial thrombus, American Heart Journal, 10.1016/0002-8703(87)90729-0, 113:3, (829-831), Online publication date: 1-Mar-1987. Gow R, Smallhorn J and Rowe R (1987) Dynamic intracoronary echoes in kawasaki's disease, The American Journal of Cardiology, 10.1016/S0002-9149(87)80097-8, 59:1, (170), Online publication date: 1-Jan-1987. Segal R, Baltazar R, Mower M and Stewart C (1986) Spontaneous Contrast Visualization on the Right Side of the Heart During Echocardiography, The American Journal of the Medical Sciences, 10.1097/00000441-198612000-00005, 292:6, (363-366), Online publication date: 1-Dec-1986. Adams P, Cohen M, Chesebro J and Fuster V (1986) Thrombosis and embolism from cardiac chambers and infected valves, Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 10.1016/S0735-1097(86)80009-2, 8:6, (76B-87B), Online publication date: 1-Dec-1986. D'Cruz I, Jain M and Jain A (1986) Dynamic intracavitary echoes in left ventricular pseudoaneurysm, American Heart Journal, 10.1016/0002-8703(86)90289-9, 112:2, (418-420), Online publication date: 1-Aug-1986. KOTLER M, GOLDMAN A, PARAMESWARAN R and PARRY W (1986) Acute Consequences and Chronic Complications of Acute Myocardial Infarction, Echocardiography, 10.1111/j.1540-8175.1986.tb00208.x, 3:4, (295-317), Online publication date: 1-Jul-1986. Erbel R, Stern H, Ehrenthal W, Schreiner G, Treese N, Meyer J, Krämer G, Thelen M and Schweizer P (1986) Detection of spontaneous echocardiographic contrast within the left atrium by transesophageal echocardiography: spontaneous echocardiographic contrast, Clinical Cardiology, 10.1002/clc.4960090603, 9:6, (245-252), Online publication date: 1-Jun-1986. Shung K, Fei D and Ballard J (1986) Further studies on ultrasonic properties of blood clots, Journal of Clinical Ultrasound, 10.1002/jcu.1870140406, 14:4, (269-275), Online publication date: 1-May-1986. Pinamonti B, Alberti E, Buttignol G, Cristaldi A and Camerini F (1986) Echocardiographic diagnosis of congenital left atrial aneurysm, American Heart Journal, 10.1016/0002-8703(86)90160-2, 111:2, (406-409), Online publication date: 1-Feb-1986. Garcia-Fernandez M, Lopez-Sendon J, Coma-Canella I and Sotillo J (1985) Echocardiographic detection of circulating blood in normal canine hearts, The American Journal of Cardiology, 10.1016/0002-9149(85)91165-8, 56:12, (834-836), Online publication date: 1-Nov-1985. Spirito P, Bellotti P, Chiarella F, Domenicucci S, Sementa A and Vecchio C (1985) Prognostic significance and natural history of left ventricular thrombi in patients with acute anterior myocardial infarction: a two-dimensional echocardiographic study., Circulation, 72:4, (774-780), Online publication date: 1-Oct-1985. Beppu S, Nimura Y, Sakakibara H, Nagata S, Park Y and Izumi S (1985) Smoke-like echo in the left atrial cavity in mitral valve disease: Its features and significance, Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 10.1016/S0735-1097(85)80476-9, 6:4, (744-749), Online publication date: 1-Oct-1985. Meltzer R, Klig V, Visser C and Teichholz L (1985) Spontaneous echographic contrast in the inferior vena cava, American Heart Journal, 10.1016/0002-8703(85)90464-8, 110:4, (826-830), Online publication date: 1-Oct-1985. Garcia-Fernandez M, Moreno M and Banuelos F (1985) Two-dimensional echocardiographic identification of blood stasis in the left atrium, American Heart Journal, 10.1016/0002-8703(85)90573-3, 109:3, (600-601), Online publication date: 1-Mar-1985. Iliceto S, Antonelli G, Sorino M, Biasco G and Rizzon P (1985) Dynamic intracavitary left atrial echoes in mitral stenosis, The American Journal of Cardiology, 10.1016/0002-9149(85)90267-X, 55:5, (603-606), Online publication date: 1-Feb-1985. Takamoto T, Kim D, Urie P, Guthaner D, Gordon H, Keren A and Popp R (1985) Comparative recognition of left ventricular thrombi by echocardiography and cineangiography., Heart, 10.1136/hrt.53.1.36, 53:1, (36-42), Online publication date: 1-Jan-1985. Panidis I, Kotler M, Mintz G and Ross J (1984) Intracavitary echoes in the aortic arch in type III aortic dissection, The American Journal of Cardiology, 10.1016/S0002-9149(84)80176-9, 54:8, (1159-1160), Online publication date: 1-Nov-1984. Haugland J, Asinger R, Mikell F, Elsperger J and Hodges M (1984) Embolic potential of left ventricular thrombi detected by two-dimensional echocardiography., Circulation, 70:4, (588-598), Online publication date: 1-Oct-1984. Eigler N, Maurer G and Shah P (1984) Effect of early systemic thrombolytic therapy on left ventricular mural thrombus formation in acute anterior myocardial infarction, The American Journal of Cardiology, 10.1016/0002-9149(84)90178-4, 54:3, (261-263), Online publication date: 1-Aug-1984. Hjemdahl-Monsen C, Daniels J, Kaufman D, Stern E, Teichholz L and Meltzer R (1984) Spontaneous contrast in the inferior vena cava in a patient with constrictive pericarditis, Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 10.1016/S0735-1097(84)80335-6, 4:1, (165-167), Online publication date: 1-Jul-1984. Lopez-Sendon J, Garcia-Fernandez M, Coma-Canella I, Silvestre J, De Miguel E and Jadraque L (1984) Identification of blood in the pericardial cavity in dogs by two-dimensional echocardiography, The American Journal of Cardiology, 10.1016/0002-9149(84)90661-1, 53:8, (1194-1197), Online publication date: 1-Apr-1984. Weitzman L, Tinker W, Kronzon I, Cohen M, Glassman E and Spencer F (1984) The incidence and natural history of pericardial effusion after cardiac surgery--an echocardiographic study., Circulation, 69:3, (506-511), Online publication date: 1-Mar-1984. Ten Cate F, Feinstein S, Zwehl W, Meerbaum S, Fishbein M, Shah P and Corday E (1984) Two-dimensional contrast echocardiography. II. Transpulmonary studies, Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 10.1016/S0735-1097(84)80425-8, 3:1, (21-27), Online publication date: 1-Jan-1984. Butman S, Gardin J and Knoll M (1983) Innominate artery aneurysm with thrombus: Detection by two-dimensional echocardiography, Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 10.1016/S0735-1097(83)80181-8, 2:2, (387-390), Online publication date: 1-Aug-1983. October 1, 1982Vol 66, Issue 4 Advertisement Article InformationMetrics Copyright © 1982 by American Heart Associationhttps://doi.org/10.1161/01.CIR.66.4.755 Originally publishedOctober 1, 1982 PDF download Advertisement
Referência(s)