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Origin and development of marginal basins in the western Pacific

1971; American Geophysical Union; Volume: 76; Issue: 11 Linguagem: Inglês

10.1029/jb076i011p02542

2156-2202

Daniel E. Karig,

earthquake and tectonic studies

Journal of Geophysical Research (1896-1977)Volume 76, Issue 11 p. 2542-2561 Origin and development of marginal basins in the western Pacific Daniel E. Karig, Daniel E. KarigSearch for more papers by this author Daniel E. Karig, Daniel E. KarigSearch for more papers by this author First published: 10 April 1971 https://doi.org/10.1029/JB076i011p02542Citations: 804AboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Abstract The semi-isolated basins and series of basins of intermediate to normal oceanic depths that lie behind island arc systems are termed marginal basins, and are believed to be of extensional origin. Marginal basins, although differing in size and amount of sediment fill, are all underlain by oceanic crust, and can be divided into actively spreading inter-arc basins and older inactive basins. The inactive basins are grouped on the basis of age as reflected by crustal heat flow; inactive basins with above-normal heat flow are apparently younger than those with normal heat flow. Volcano-tectonic rift zones with associated silicic tuffs are found in the tectonic position of inter-arc basins in some continental trench-arc systems and are thought to have been formed by similar extensional process. Large scale crustal extension and demonstratable trench migration imply displacement of the Benioff zone. However, the portion of the Benioff zone shallower than 150 km, and lying between the volcanic chain and the trench, remains relatively undeformed along the trend of arc systems in which the dip of the deeper segment of the Benioff zone changes markedly. Geometric relationships suggest that, as the inter-arc basin opens, the trench is forced to migrate and the Benioff zone is flattened, except in areas where crust can be consumed in a second trench behind the extensional zone. Active extension is restricted to arc systems with earthquakes deeper than about 350 km. The available data can be explained by a thermal diapir of shear-heated mantle material, bouyantly rising beneath the inter-arc basin from the upper surface of the under-thrust lithosphere. Hydrostatic forces associated with such a diapir are felt capable of over-coming the compressional forces in the mantle produced by shearing along the upper surface of the lithosphere and by the bending of the lithosphere. 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