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Owyhee River intracanyon lava flows: Does the river give a dam?

2012; Geological Society of America; Volume: 124; Issue: 11-12 Linguagem: Inglês

10.1130/b30574.1

1943-2674

Lisa L. Ely, C. C. Brossy, P. Kyle House, E. B. Safran, Jim E. O’Connor, Duane E. Champion, Cassandra R. Fenton, Ninad Bondre, Caitlin A. Orem, Gordon E. Grant, Christopher D. Henry, B. D. Turrin,

Geology and Paleoclimatology Research

Research Article| November 01, 2012 Owyhee River intracanyon lava flows: Does the river give a dam? Lisa L. Ely; Lisa L. Ely † 1Department of Geological Sciences, Central Washington University, Ellensburg, Washington 98926, USA †E-mail: ely@cwu.edu Search for other works by this author on: GSW Google Scholar Cooper C. Brossy; Cooper C. Brossy 1Department of Geological Sciences, Central Washington University, Ellensburg, Washington 98926, USA §Present addresses: Brossy—Fugro Consultants, Inc., 1777 Botelho Drive, Suite 262, Walnut Creek, California 94546, USA. Bondre—International Geosphere-Biosphere Programme, The Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences, Box 50005, SE-10405, Stockholm, Sweden. House—U.S. Geological Survey, Geology and Geophysics Science Center, 2255 N. Gemini Drive, Flagstaff, Arizona 86001, USA. Orem—Department of Geosciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, USA Search for other works by this author on: GSW Google Scholar P. Kyle House; P. Kyle House 2Nevada Bureau of Mines and Geology, MS 178, University of Nevada, Reno, Nevada 89557-0178, USA §Present addresses: Brossy—Fugro Consultants, Inc., 1777 Botelho Drive, Suite 262, Walnut Creek, California 94546, USA. Bondre—International Geosphere-Biosphere Programme, The Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences, Box 50005, SE-10405, Stockholm, Sweden. House—U.S. Geological Survey, Geology and Geophysics Science Center, 2255 N. Gemini Drive, Flagstaff, Arizona 86001, USA. Orem—Department of Geosciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, USA Search for other works by this author on: GSW Google Scholar Elizabeth B. Safran; Elizabeth B. Safran 3Environmental Studies Program, Lewis and Clark College, 0615 S.W. Palatine Hill Road, Portland, Oregon 97219, USA Search for other works by this author on: GSW Google Scholar Jim E. O'Connor; Jim E. O'Connor 4U.S. Geological Survey, 2130 SW 5th Avenue, Portland, Oregon 97201, USA Search for other works by this author on: GSW Google Scholar Duane E. Champion; Duane E. Champion 5U.S. Geological Survey, MS 937, 345 Middlefield Road, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA Search for other works by this author on: GSW Google Scholar Cassandra R. Fenton; Cassandra R. Fenton 6Scottish Universities Environmental Research Centre (SUERC), Scottish Enterprise Technology Park, Rankine Avenue, East Kilbride G75 0QF, United Kingdom Search for other works by this author on: GSW Google Scholar Ninad R. Bondre; Ninad R. Bondre 7Department of Geology & Environmental Earth Science, 250 S. Patterson Avenue, 114 Shideler Hall, Miami University, Oxford, Ohio 45056, USA §Present addresses: Brossy—Fugro Consultants, Inc., 1777 Botelho Drive, Suite 262, Walnut Creek, California 94546, USA. Bondre—International Geosphere-Biosphere Programme, The Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences, Box 50005, SE-10405, Stockholm, Sweden. House—U.S. Geological Survey, Geology and Geophysics Science Center, 2255 N. Gemini Drive, Flagstaff, Arizona 86001, USA. Orem—Department of Geosciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, USA Search for other works by this author on: GSW Google Scholar Caitlin A. Orem; Caitlin A. Orem 1Department of Geological Sciences, Central Washington University, Ellensburg, Washington 98926, USA §Present addresses: Brossy—Fugro Consultants, Inc., 1777 Botelho Drive, Suite 262, Walnut Creek, California 94546, USA. Bondre—International Geosphere-Biosphere Programme, The Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences, Box 50005, SE-10405, Stockholm, Sweden. House—U.S. Geological Survey, Geology and Geophysics Science Center, 2255 N. Gemini Drive, Flagstaff, Arizona 86001, USA. Orem—Department of Geosciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, USA Search for other works by this author on: GSW Google Scholar Gordon E. Grant; Gordon E. Grant 8U.S. Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station, 3200 SW Jefferson Way, Corvallis, Oregon 97331, USA Search for other works by this author on: GSW Google Scholar Christopher D. Henry; Christopher D. Henry 9Nevada Bureau of Mines and Geology, MS 178, University of Nevada, Reno, Nevada 89557-0178, USA Search for other works by this author on: GSW Google Scholar Brent D. Turrin Brent D. Turrin 10Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Room 345, Wright Geological Laboratory, 610 Taylor Road, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854-8066, USA Search for other works by this author on: GSW Google Scholar Author and Article Information Lisa L. Ely † 1Department of Geological Sciences, Central Washington University, Ellensburg, Washington 98926, USA Cooper C. Brossy §Present addresses: Brossy—Fugro Consultants, Inc., 1777 Botelho Drive, Suite 262, Walnut Creek, California 94546, USA. Bondre—International Geosphere-Biosphere Programme, The Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences, Box 50005, SE-10405, Stockholm, Sweden. House—U.S. Geological Survey, Geology and Geophysics Science Center, 2255 N. Gemini Drive, Flagstaff, Arizona 86001, USA. Orem—Department of Geosciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, USA 1Department of Geological Sciences, Central Washington University, Ellensburg, Washington 98926, USA P. Kyle House §Present addresses: Brossy—Fugro Consultants, Inc., 1777 Botelho Drive, Suite 262, Walnut Creek, California 94546, USA. Bondre—International Geosphere-Biosphere Programme, The Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences, Box 50005, SE-10405, Stockholm, Sweden. House—U.S. Geological Survey, Geology and Geophysics Science Center, 2255 N. Gemini Drive, Flagstaff, Arizona 86001, USA. Orem—Department of Geosciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, USA 2Nevada Bureau of Mines and Geology, MS 178, University of Nevada, Reno, Nevada 89557-0178, USA Elizabeth B. Safran 3Environmental Studies Program, Lewis and Clark College, 0615 S.W. Palatine Hill Road, Portland, Oregon 97219, USA Jim E. O'Connor 4U.S. Geological Survey, 2130 SW 5th Avenue, Portland, Oregon 97201, USA Duane E. Champion 5U.S. Geological Survey, MS 937, 345 Middlefield Road, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA Cassandra R. Fenton 6Scottish Universities Environmental Research Centre (SUERC), Scottish Enterprise Technology Park, Rankine Avenue, East Kilbride G75 0QF, United Kingdom Ninad R. Bondre §Present addresses: Brossy—Fugro Consultants, Inc., 1777 Botelho Drive, Suite 262, Walnut Creek, California 94546, USA. Bondre—International Geosphere-Biosphere Programme, The Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences, Box 50005, SE-10405, Stockholm, Sweden. House—U.S. Geological Survey, Geology and Geophysics Science Center, 2255 N. Gemini Drive, Flagstaff, Arizona 86001, USA. Orem—Department of Geosciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, USA 7Department of Geology & Environmental Earth Science, 250 S. Patterson Avenue, 114 Shideler Hall, Miami University, Oxford, Ohio 45056, USA Caitlin A. Orem §Present addresses: Brossy—Fugro Consultants, Inc., 1777 Botelho Drive, Suite 262, Walnut Creek, California 94546, USA. Bondre—International Geosphere-Biosphere Programme, The Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences, Box 50005, SE-10405, Stockholm, Sweden. House—U.S. Geological Survey, Geology and Geophysics Science Center, 2255 N. Gemini Drive, Flagstaff, Arizona 86001, USA. Orem—Department of Geosciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, USA 1Department of Geological Sciences, Central Washington University, Ellensburg, Washington 98926, USA Gordon E. Grant 8U.S. Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station, 3200 SW Jefferson Way, Corvallis, Oregon 97331, USA Christopher D. Henry 9Nevada Bureau of Mines and Geology, MS 178, University of Nevada, Reno, Nevada 89557-0178, USA Brent D. Turrin 10Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Room 345, Wright Geological Laboratory, 610 Taylor Road, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854-8066, USA †E-mail: ely@cwu.edu Publisher: Geological Society of America Received: 20 Jul 2011 Revision Received: 18 Feb 2012 Revision Received: 05 Mar 2012 First Online: 08 Mar 2017 Online ISSN: 1943-2674 Print ISSN: 0016-7606 © 2012 Geological Society of America GSA Bulletin (2012) 124 (11-12): 1667–1687. https://doi.org/10.1130/B30574.1 Article history Received: 20 Jul 2011 Revision Received: 18 Feb 2012 Revision Received: 05 Mar 2012 First Online: 08 Mar 2017 Cite View This Citation Add to Citation Manager Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn MailTo Tools Icon Tools Get Permissions Search Site Citation Lisa L. Ely, Cooper C. Brossy, P. Kyle House, Elizabeth B. Safran, Jim E. O'Connor, Duane E. Champion, Cassandra R. Fenton, Ninad R. Bondre, Caitlin A. Orem, Gordon E. Grant, Christopher D. Henry, Brent D. Turrin; Owyhee River intracanyon lava flows: Does the river give a dam?. GSA Bulletin 2012;; 124 (11-12): 1667–1687. doi: https://doi.org/10.1130/B30574.1 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Refmanager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentBy SocietyGSA Bulletin Search Advanced Search Abstract Rivers carved into uplifted plateaus are commonly disrupted by discrete events from the surrounding landscape, such as lava flows or large mass movements. These disruptions are independent of slope, basin area, or channel discharge, and can dominate aspects of valley morphology and channel behavior for many kilometers. We document and assess the effects of one type of disruptive event, lava dams, on river valley morphology and incision rates at a variety of time scales, using examples from the Owyhee River in southeastern Oregon.Six sets of basaltic lava flows entered and dammed the river canyon during two periods in the late Cenozoic ca. 2 Ma–780 ka and 250–70 ka. The dams are strongly asymmetric, with steep, blunt escarpments facing up valley and long, low slopes down valley. None of the dams shows evidence of catastrophic failure; all blocked the river and diverted water over or around the dam crest. The net effect of the dams was therefore to inhibit rather than promote incision. Once incision resumed, most of the intracanyon flows were incised relatively rapidly and therefore did not exert a lasting impact on the river valley profile over time scales >106 yr. The net long-term incision rate from the time of the oldest documented lava dam, the Bogus Rim lava dam (≤1.7 Ma), to present was 0.18 mm/yr, but incision rates through or around individual lava dams were up to an order of magnitude greater.At least three lava dams (Bogus Rim, Saddle Butte, and West Crater) show evidence that incision initiated only after the impounded lakes filled completely with sediment and there was gravel transport across the dams. The most recent lava dam, formed by the West Crater lava flow around 70 ka, persisted for at least 25 k.y. before incision began, and the dam was largely removed within another 35 k.y. The time scale over which the lava dams inhibit incision is therefore directly affected by both the volume of lava forming the dam and the time required for sediment to fill the blocked valley. Variations in this primary process of incision through the lava dams could be influenced by additional independent factors such as regional uplift, drainage integration, or climate that affect the relative base level, discharge, and sediment yield within the watershed.By redirecting the river, tributaries, and subsequent lava flows to different parts of the canyon, lava dams create a distinct valley morphology of flat, broad basalt shelves capping steep cliffs of Tertiary sediment. This stratigraphy is conducive to landsliding and extends the effects of intracanyon lava flows on channel geomorphology beyond the lifetime of the dams. You do not have access to this content, please speak to your institutional administrator if you feel you should have access.