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Formulation selection, and investigation of azadirachtin-A persistence in some terrestrial and aquatic components of a forest environment

1997; Wiley; Volume: 51; Issue: 1 Linguagem: Inglês

10.1002/(sici)1096-9063(199709)51

1096-9063

K. M. S. Sundaram, A. Sundaram, J. Curry, L. Sloane,

Allelopathy and phytotoxic interactions

Pesticide ScienceVolume 51, Issue 1 p. 74-90 Paper Formulation selection, and investigation of azadirachtin-A persistence in some terrestrial and aquatic components of a forest environment Kanth M. S. Sundaram, Corresponding Author Kanth M. S. Sundaram Natural Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Service, 1219 Queen Street East, PO Box 490, Sault Ste. Marie, ON, Canada P6A 5M7Natural Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Service, 1219 Queen Street East, PO Box 490, Sault Ste. Marie, ON, Canada P6A 5M7Search for more papers by this authorAlam Sundaram, Alam Sundaram Natural Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Service, 1219 Queen Street East, PO Box 490, Sault Ste. Marie, ON, Canada P6A 5M7Search for more papers by this authorJohanna Curry, Johanna Curry Natural Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Service, 1219 Queen Street East, PO Box 490, Sault Ste. Marie, ON, Canada P6A 5M7Search for more papers by this authorLinda Sloane, Linda Sloane Natural Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Service, 1219 Queen Street East, PO Box 490, Sault Ste. Marie, ON, Canada P6A 5M7Search for more papers by this author Kanth M. S. Sundaram, Corresponding Author Kanth M. S. Sundaram Natural Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Service, 1219 Queen Street East, PO Box 490, Sault Ste. Marie, ON, Canada P6A 5M7Natural Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Service, 1219 Queen Street East, PO Box 490, Sault Ste. Marie, ON, Canada P6A 5M7Search for more papers by this authorAlam Sundaram, Alam Sundaram Natural Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Service, 1219 Queen Street East, PO Box 490, Sault Ste. Marie, ON, Canada P6A 5M7Search for more papers by this authorJohanna Curry, Johanna Curry Natural Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Service, 1219 Queen Street East, PO Box 490, Sault Ste. Marie, ON, Canada P6A 5M7Search for more papers by this authorLinda Sloane, Linda Sloane Natural Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Service, 1219 Queen Street East, PO Box 490, Sault Ste. Marie, ON, Canada P6A 5M7Search for more papers by this author First published: 26 March 1999 https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1096-9063(199709)51:1 3.0.CO;2-JCitations: 7AboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Abstract Five commercial formulations of azadirachtin-A (AZ-A) Margosan-O®, Azatin-EC®, Neem-EC®, RH-9999 and Neemix® 4.5, were investigated for their volatilization and washoff potential in laboratory studies. Prior to the investigation, RH-9999 (a wettable powder) was mixed with water to provide an end-use formulation containing 35·6 g AZ-A kg-1, while the remaining four formulations were investigated without dilution. Volatilization and washoff of AZ-A occurred more from white spruce foliage than from wax-coated glass plates. Neem-EC provided the lowest amount of loss, whereas Margosan-O provided the highest. Physical properties and atomization behaviour of the five formulations indicated that Azatin-EC was highly viscous and caused phase separation in droplets collected on glass plates after atomization in a rotary atomizer. RH-9999, despite its low viscosity, caused phase separation in droplets because of the heterogeneity of the wettable powder formulation. Based on the minimum loss of AZ-A due to volatilization and washoff from spruce foliage, and on the minimum potential for phase separation in droplets after atomization in a rotary atomizer, Neem-EC was considered to be the most appropriate choice for use in field studies to investigate environmental persistence and fate of AZ-A in terrestrial and aquatic matrices of a forest ecosystem. The Neem-EC formulation was sprayed at 40 and 80 g AI ha-1 over single spruce trees and on litter and soil plots selected in a mixed-wood boreal forest in Ontario, Canada. In addition, outdoor aquaria containing stream water and sediment were also fortified with the formulation at 400 and 800 g AI ha-1. Persistence of AZ-A was evaluated using one-year-old spruce needles, current-year shoots, spruce bark, litter, soil, stream water and sediment. The duration of persistence varied from 3 to 6 days in terrestrial matrices, whereas it ranged from 8 to 13 days in water, and 2 to 3 days in sediment. The half-life (DT50) values ranged from 10·7 h (for soil) to 71·6 h (for spruce bark) at the lower dosage rate, and from 18·8 h (for litter) to 76·2 h (for bark) at the higher dosage rate. The DT50 value for stream water was about 35 h regardless of the dosage rate applied. The data indicated that AZ-A was appreciably labile and short-lived in different forestry matrices, with low DT50 values. © 1997 SCI References 1 Ennis, T., & Caldwell, E. T. N., Spruce budworm, chemical and biological control. In Tortricid Pests, Their Biology, Natural Enemies and Control, ed. L. P. S. van der Geest and H. H. Evenhuis Elsevier Science Publishers, B. V., Amsterdam, The Netherlands, 1991, pp. 621– 41. 2 Helson, B., Naturally derived insecticides: Prospects for forestry use. For. Chron., 68 (1992) 349– 54. 3 Ottoboni, M. A., The Dose Makes the Poison. Vincente Books, Berkeley, California, 1984, 222 pp. 4 Arnason, J. T., Philogene, B. J. R., & Morand, P., Insecticides of Plant Origin. ACS Symp. 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