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Seed-coat anatomy in Fumariaceae-Fumarioideae

1995; Oxford University Press; Volume: 119; Issue: 4 Linguagem: Inglês

10.1111/j.1095-8339.1995.tb00740.x

1095-8339

Tatsundo Fukuhara, Magnus Lidén,

Plant Diversity and Evolution

Seed-coat anatomy is described in 122 species of Fumarioideae, which represent all the genera, subgenera, and most sections. Nine seed-coat types were recognized: (I) Dicentra subg. Hedycapnos, (II) Dicentra subg. Chrysocapnos, (III) Dicentra subg. Macranthos, (IV) Dicentra subg. Dicentra, (V) Corydalis p.p., (VI) rest of Corydaleae, Cysticapnos, Pseudofumaria and Ceratocapnos, (VII) Discocapnos and Sarcocapnos p. p., (VIII) Sarcocapnos p. p., Platycapnos and Trigonocapnos, and (IX) Fumariinae. Variable characters are polarized based on the comparison with Fumariaceae-Hypecooideae, Papaveraceae and Pteridophyllaceae. It is assumed that endotestal seed-coat type (I) is most primitive, that exotestal seed-coat types (II–VIII) are derived therefrom, and that the reduction of the mechanical layer, including the origin of thin seedcoat type (DC) occurred repeatedly in combination with indehiscent, hard-walled fruits. Dicentra subg. Hedycapnos (with type I) possesses a combination of primitive testai characters unique within the subfamily, suggesting it represents a sister group to the rest of the subfamily. Each of the other subgenera (with II, III or IV) is also characterized by a unique combination of seed-coat characters, which are found in the outgroups but not in the other genera. Seedcoat characters support the monophyly of Fumarioideae exclusive of Dicentra subg. Hedycapnos, Fumarioideae exclusive of Dicentra, of Dicentra subg. Dicentra, of Corydalis p.p., and of Fumariinae.