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Hijacked Heimats: national appropriations of local and regional identities in Germany and Spain, 1930–1945

2008; Taylor & Francis; Volume: 15; Issue: 3 Linguagem: Inglês

10.1080/13507480802082615

1469-8293

Xosé‐Manoel Núñez, Maiken Umbach,

European history and politics

Abstract This article analyses instances in which ultra-nationalism and local and regional identity politics proved compatible, and even mutually constitutive. Focusing on Germany and Spain under Hitler and Franco, the authors suggest that both regimes imagined the nation as a space composed of distinctive regional parts. They uncover a particular ideological affinity between fascist or quasi-fascist views of the state and the notion of regional diversity, which was invoked to combat the perceived dangers of state-building in the Napoleonic mode: liberalism, progressivism and bureaucratisation. While political separatism was repressed, regionalism was often cultivated to introduce an element of populism, grass-roots activism, social rootedness and ideological dynamism into the political process that seemed desirable to both regimes. In the German case, it also served as a pragmatic and hence manageable alternative to volkish ideologues, whose spiritualist and egalitarian inclinations brought them increasingly into conflict with the party line. Keywords: comparative facismregionalismNational socialismFrancoismGaue Notes 1. Classical models are Rostow Rostow, Walt Whitman. 1960. The Stages of Economic Growth: A Non-Communist Manifesto, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. [Google Scholar], The Stages of Economic Growth; and Deutsch Deutsch, Karl W. 1953. Nationalism and Social Communication: An Inquiry into the Foundations of Nationality, Boston: MIT Press. [Google Scholar], Nationalism and Social Communication. See also Abrams Abrams, Philip. 1982. Historical Sociology, Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press. [Google Scholar], Historical Sociology; and the critiques by Attir et al. Attir, Mustafa O., Burkart Holzner and Zdenek Suda, eds. 1981. 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