The Course of Microbial Infection of the Hen's Egg
1966; Wiley; Volume: 29; Issue: 2 Linguagem: Inglês
10.1111/j.1365-2672.1966.tb03482.x
ISSN2056-5232
Autores Tópico(s)Bacterial Genetics and Biotechnology
ResumoJournal of Applied BacteriologyVolume 29, Issue 2 p. 319-341 Free Access The Course of Microbial Infection of the Hen's Egg R. G. BOARD, R. G. BOARD School of Biological Sciences, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath, EnglandSearch for more papers by this author R. G. BOARD, R. G. BOARD School of Biological Sciences, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath, EnglandSearch for more papers by this author First published: August 1966 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2672.1966.tb03482.xCitations: 87AboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onEmailFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat 6. References Alford, L. R., Holmes, N. E., Scott, W. J. & Vickery, J. R. (1950). Studies in the preservation of shell eggs. 1. Nature of wastage in Australian export eggs. Aust. J. appl. Sci. 1, 208. Google Scholar Alderton, G., Ward, W. H. & Fevold, H. L. (1946). Identification of the bacteria-inhibiting, iron-binding protein of egg white as conalbumin. Archs Biochem. 11, 9. CASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar Ayres, J. C. (1958). Methods for depleting glucose from egg albumen before drying. Fd Technol., Champaign 12, 186. CASWeb of Science®Google Scholar Ayres, J. C. & Taylor, B. (1956). Effect of temperature on microbial proliferation in shell eggs. Appl. Microbiol. 4, 355. CASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar Azari, P. R. & Feeney, R. E. (1958). Resistance of metal complexes of conalbumin and transferrin to proteolysis and to thermal denaturation. J. biol. Chem. 232, 293. CASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar Azari, P. R. & Feeney, R. E. (1961). The resistance of conalbumin and its iron complex to physical and chemical treatments. Archs Biochem. Biophys. 92, 44. 10.1016/0003-9861(61)90216-8 CASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar Baker, C. M. A. (1960). The genetic basis of egg quality. Br. Poult. Sci. 1, 3. 10.1080/00071666009382373 Google Scholar Baker, C. M. A. & Manwell, C. (1962). Molecular genetics of avian proteins. 1. The egg white proteins of the domestic fowl. Br. Poult. Sci. 3, 161. 10.1080/00071666208415471 Google Scholar Balls, A. K. & Swenson, T. L. (1934). The antitrypsin of egg white. J. biol. Chem. 106, 409. CASWeb of Science®Google Scholar Baumgärtner, H. (1957). The effect and occurrence of avidin in raw egg white and dried egg powder. Ernährungsforschung 2, 631. CASGoogle Scholar Bean, K. C. & MacLaury, D. W. (1959). The bacterial contamination of batching eggs and methods for its control. Poult. Sci. 38, 693. 10.3382/ps.0380693 Web of Science®Google Scholar Bennetts, H. W. (1931). Specific putrefaction of hen eggs due to Serratia sp. Aust. vet. J. 7, 27. 10.1111/j.1751-0813.1931.tb03576.x Google Scholar Bigland, C. H. & Papas, G. (1953). Experiment in egg penetration by Salmonella. Can. J. comp. Med. 17, 105. CASPubMedGoogle Scholar Board, R. G. (1962). A study of bacterial infection of the hen's egg. Thesis, University of Edinburgh, Scotland . Google Scholar Board, R. G. (1964). The growth of Gram-negative bacteria in the hen's egg. J. appl. Bact. 27, 350. 10.1111/j.1365-2672.1964.tb04921.x Web of Science®Google Scholar Board, R. G. (1965a). Bacterial growth on and penetration of the shell membranes of the hen's egg. J. appl. Bact. 28, 197. 10.1111/j.1365-2672.1965.tb02143.x Web of Science®Google Scholar Board, R. G. (1965b). The properties and classification of the predominant bacteria occurring in rotten eggs. J. appl. Bact. 28, 437. 10.1111/j.1365-2672.1965.tb02175.x CASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar Board, R. G., Ayres, J. C., Kraft, A. A. & Forsythe, R. H. (1964). The microbiological contamination of egg shells and egg packing materials. Poult. Sci. 43, 584. 10.3382/ps.0430584 Web of Science®Google Scholar Board, R. G. & Ayres, J. C. (1965). Influence of temperature on bacterial infection of the hen's egg. Appl. Microbiol. 13, 358. CASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar Board, R. G. & Wilson, E. G. H. (1965). Level of microbial contamination of eggs used for hatching. Edin. Sch. Agric. Exp. Work (in press). Google Scholar Brant, A. W. & Starr, P. B. (1962). Some physical factors related to egg spoilage. Poult. Sci. 41, 1468. 10.3382/ps.0411468 Web of Science®Google Scholar Brooks, J. (1960). Mechanism of the multiplication of Pseudomonas in the hen's egg. J. appl. Bact. 23, 499. 10.1111/j.1365-2672.1960.tb00221.x Google Scholar Brooks, J., Coles, R. & Holmes, N. E. (1952). The problem of dirty eggs. Agriculture, Lond. 59, 311. Google Scholar Brooks, J. & Hale, H. P. (1959). The mechanical properties of the thick white of the hen's egg. Biochem. biophys. Acta 32, 237. 10.1016/0006-3002(59)90574-8 CASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar Brooks, J. & Taylor, D. I. (1955). Eggs and egg products. Rep. Fd Invest. Bd, Lond. no. 60. London : H.M.S.O. Google Scholar Bryant, R. L. & Sharp, P. L. (1934). Effect of washing on keeping quality of hen's egg. J. agric. Res. 48, 62. Google Scholar Buxton, A. & Gordon, R. F. (1947). The epidemiology and control of Salmonella thompson infection of fowls. J. Hyg., Camb. 45, 265. 10.1017/S0022172400013929 CASGoogle Scholar Cotterill, O. J. & Gardner, F. (1957). Retarding thick white deterioration by holding shell eggs in sealed containers. Poult. Sci. 36, 196. 10.3382/ps.0360196 Web of Science®Google Scholar Cotterill, O. J., Gardner, F., Cunningham, F. E. & Funk, E. M. (1959). Titration curves and turbidity of whole egg white. Poult. Sci. 38, 836. 10.3382/ps.0380836 CASWeb of Science®Google Scholar Cotterill, O. J. & Winter, A. R. (1955). Egg white lysozyme. 3. The effect of pH on the lysozyme-ovomucin interaction. Poult. Sci. 34, 679. 10.3382/ps.0340679 CASWeb of Science®Google Scholar Davis, G. T. & Beeckler, A. F. (1962). Plastic packaging of eggs. 1. Methods of packaging. Poult. Sci. 41, 391. 10.3382/ps.0410391 Web of Science®Google Scholar Ducay, E. D., Kline, L. & Mandeles, S. (1960). Free amino acid content of infertile chicken eggs. Poult. Sci. 39, 831. 10.3382/ps.0390831 CASWeb of Science®Google Scholar Eakin, R. E., Snell, E. E. & Williams, R. J. (1940). A constituent of raw egg white capable of inactivating biotin in vitro. J. biol. Chem. 136, 801. CASWeb of Science®Google Scholar Elliott, R. P. (1954). Spoilage of shell eggs by pseudomonads. Appl. Microbiol. 2, 158. CASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar Elliott, L. E. & Brant, A. W. (1957). Effect of saline and egg shell membrane on bacterial growth. Fd Res. 22, 241. 10.1111/j.1365-2621.1957.tb17007.x Google Scholar Elliott, L. E. & Romoser, G. L. (1957). Studies on the recovery of antibiotic residues in egg albumen. Poult. Sci. 36, 365. 10.3382/ps.0360365 CASWeb of Science®Google Scholar Evans, R. I. & Bandemer, S. L. (1956). Egg proteins: Separation of egg white proteins by paper eleetrophoresis. J. agric. Fd Chem. 4, 802. 10.1021/jf60067a008 CASWeb of Science®Google Scholar Evans, R. I., Butts, H. A. & Davidson, J. A. (1951). The vitamin B6 content of fresh and stored shell eggs. Poult. Sci. 30, 515. 10.3382/ps.0300515 CASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar Feeney, R. E., Ducay, E. D., Silva, R. S. & MacDonnell, L. R. (1952). Chemistry of shell egg deterioration: the egg white proteins. Poult. Sci. 31, 639. 10.3382/ps.0310639 CASWeb of Science®Google Scholar Feeney, R. E. & Nagy, D. A. (1952). The antibacterial activity of the egg white protein conalbumin. J. Bact. 64, 629. CASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar Ferdinandov (1944). Quoted from Zagaevsky & Lutikova (1944). Google Scholar Fleming, A. (1922). On a remarkable bacteriolytic element found in tissues and secretions. Proc. R. Soc. B. 93, 306. 10.1098/rspb.1922.0023 Web of Science®Google Scholar Fletcher, D. A., Orr, H. L., Snyder, E. S. & Nicholson, A. O. (1959). Effect of oiling, packaging materials and addition of CO2 on quality of shell eggs held in storage. Poult. Sci. 38, 106. 10.3382/ps.0380106 Web of Science®Google Scholar Florian, M. L. E. & Trussell, P. C. (1957). Bacterial spoilage of eggs. IV. Identification of spoilage organisms. Fd Technol., Champaign 11, 56. Web of Science®Google Scholar Forsythe, R. H., Ayres, J. C. & Radlo, J. L. (1953). Factors affecting the microbiological population of shell eggs. Fd Technol., Champaign 7, 49. Web of Science®Google Scholar Fraenkel-Conrat, H. L. & Feeney, R. E. (1950). The metal-binding activity of conalbumin. Archs. Biochem. 29, 101. CASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar Fromm, D. & Margoff, P. H. (1958). The influence of sweating and washing on weight loss, bacterial contamination and interior physical quality of 12-day old shell eggs. Poult. Sci. 37, 1273. 10.3382/ps.0371273 Web of Science®Google Scholar Fromm, D. & Monroe, R. J. (1960). Interior physical quality and bacterial contamination of market eggs as influenced by egg-shell permeability. Fd Technol., Champaign 14, 401. Web of Science®Google Scholar Friedberger, E. & Hoder, F. (1932). Lysozyme und Flockungsphänomen des Hühnereiklass. Z. ImmunForsch. exp. Ther. 74, 429. CASGoogle Scholar Fuller, R. A. & Briggs, D. R. (1956). Some properties of hen's egg conalbumin. J. Am. chem. Soc. 78, 5253. 10.1021/ja01601a029 CASWeb of Science®Google Scholar Funk, E. M. (1943). Pasteurization of shell eggs. Res. Bull. Mo. agric. exp. Stn no. 364. Google Scholar Funk, E. M. (1948). Experiments on cleaning soiled eggs for storage. Res. Bull. Mo. agric. exp. Stn no. 426. Google Scholar Funk, E. M. (1950). Maintenance of quality in shell eggs by thermostabilization. Res. Bull. Mo. agric. exp. Stn no. 467. Google Scholar Funk, M. E., Forward, I. & Lorah, M. (1954). Maintaining quality in shell eggs by heat treatment. Res. Bull. Mo. agric. exp. Stn no. 550. Google Scholar Garibaldi, J. A. (1960). Factors in egg white which control growth of bacteria. Fd Res. 25, 337. 10.1111/j.1365-2621.1960.tb00339.x Google Scholar Garibaldi, J. A. & Bayne, H. G. (1960). The effect of iron on pseudomonas spoilage of experimentally infected eggs. Poult. Sci. 39, 1517. 10.3382/ps.0391517 CASWeb of Science®Google Scholar Garibaldi, J. A. & Bayne, H. G. (1962a). Iron and the bacterial spoilage of shell eggs. J. Fd Sci. 27, 57. 10.1111/j.1365-2621.1962.tb00057.x CASWeb of Science®Google Scholar Garibaldi, J. A. & Bayne, H. G. (1962b). The effect of iron on Pseudomonas spoilage of farm washed eggs. Poult. Sci. 41, 850. 10.3382/ps.0410850 Web of Science®Google Scholar Garibaldi, J. A. & Stokes, J. L. (1958). Protective role of shell membranes in bacterial spoilage of eggs. Fd Res. 23, 283. 10.1111/j.1365-2621.1958.tb17572.x CASGoogle Scholar Gayon, A. (1873). Sur l'alteration spontanée des oeufs. C.r. Acad. Sci., Paris 76, 232. Google Scholar Gillespie, J. H. & Scott, W. J. (1950). Studies in the preservation of shell eggs. IV. Experiments on the mode of infection by bacteria. Aust. J. appl. Sci. 1, 514. CASGoogle Scholar Gillespie, J. M., Salton, M. R. J. & Scott, W. J. (1950). Studies in the preservation of shell eggs. V. The use of chemical disinfectants in cleaning machines. Aust. J. appl. Sci. 1, 531. CASGoogle Scholar Gordon, R. F. & Tucker, J. F. (1954). Behaviour of Pseudomonas sp. and the natural occurrence of the organism in the fowl and its environment. Contribution 109 of 10th World's Poult. Congr. Edinburgh : Department of Agriculture, Scotland. Google Scholar Gordon, R. F. & Tucker, J. F. (1965). The epizootology of Salmonella menston infection of fowls and the effect of feeding poultry food artificially infected with Salmonella. Br. Poult. Sci. 6, 251. 10.1080/00071666508415581 CASPubMedGoogle Scholar Graves, R. C. & MacLaury, D. W. (1962). The effects of temperature, vapour pressure and absolute humidity on bacterial contamination of shell eggs. Poult. Sci. 41, 1219. 10.3382/ps.0411219 Web of Science®Google Scholar Hadley, P. B. & CAldwell, D. W. (1916). The bacterial infection of fresh eggs. Bull. R.I. agric. exp. Stn no. 164. Google Scholar Haines, R. B. (1938). Observations on the bacterial flora of the hen's egg, with a description of a new species of Proteus and Pseudomonas causing rots in eggs. J. Hyg., Camb. 38, 338. 10.1017/S0022172400011219 CASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar Haines, R. B. (1939). Microbiology in the preservation of the hen's egg. Rep. Fd Invest. Bd, Lond. no. 47. London : H.M.S.O. Google Scholar Haines, R. B. & Moran, T. (1940). Porosity of, and bacterial invasion through, the shell of the hen's egg. J. Hyg., Camb. 40, 453. 10.1017/S0022172400027959 CASWeb of Science®Google Scholar Harry, E. G. (1957). The effect on embryonic and chick mortality of yolk contamination with bacteria from the hen. Vet. Rec. 69, 1433. Google Scholar Harry, E. G. (1963a). Some observations on the bacterial content of the ovary and oviduct of the fowl. Br. Poult. Sci. 4, 63. 10.1080/00071666308415482 Google Scholar Harry, E. G. (1963b). The relationship between egg spoilage and the environment of the egg when laid. Br. Poult. Sci. 4, 91. 10.1080/00071666308415485 Google Scholar Hartung, T. E. & Stadelman, W. J. (1962). The influence of metallic ions on the penetration of the egg shell membranes by Pseudomonas fluorescens. Poult. Sci. 41, 1590. 10.3382/ps.0411590 Web of Science®Google Scholar Hartung, T. E. & Stadelman, W. J. (1963). Pseudomonas fluorescens penetration of egg shell membranes as influenced by shell porosity, age of egg and degree of bacterial challenge. Poult. Sci. 42, 147. 10.3382/ps.0420147 Web of Science®Google Scholar Hawthorne, J. R. (1950). The action of egg white lysozyme on ovomucoid and ovomucin. Biochim. biophys. Acta 6, 28. 10.1016/0006-3002(50)90074-6 CASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar Healey, D. J. & Peter, A. M. (1925). The hydrogen ion concentrations and basicity of egg yolk and egg white. Am. J. Physiol. 74, 363. Google Scholar Heater, C. D. & Zant, W. C. van der (1957). Effects of plating medium on the survival of heat-treated cells of Pseudomonas fluorescens. Fd Res. 22, 164. 10.1111/j.1365-2621.1957.tb16996.x CASGoogle Scholar Horowitz, A. (1903). Vorkommen und Bedeutung der Mikro-organism auf der Åusseren und inneren Köperoberfläche. J. ber. Fortschr. Lehve pathog. Mikroorg. 19, 985. Google Scholar Jenkins, M. K. & Pennington, M. E. (1919). Commercial preservation of eggs by cold storage. Bull. U.S. Dep. Agric. no. 775. Google Scholar Jordan, R., Barr, A. T. & Wilson, M. L. (1954). Shell eggs—quality and properties as affected by temperature and length of storage. Bull. Ind. agric. exp. Stn no. 612. Google Scholar Knowles, N. R. (1956). The prevention of microbial spoilage in whole shell eggs by heat treatment methods. J. appl. Bact. 19, 293. 10.1111/j.1365-2672.1956.tb00080.x Google Scholar Knowles, N. R. (1957a). Observations on the keeping quality of dry-cleaned eggs. Res. exp. Rec. Minist. Agric. Nthn Ire. 6, 100. Google Scholar Knowles, N. R. (1957b). The cold storage of dry-cleaned eggs. Res. exp. Rec. Minist. Agric. Nthn Ire. 6, 108. Google Scholar Korotkova, G. P. (1957). On the protective function of the albuminous membrane in the hen's egg. Zuhr. Obschahei. Biol. 18, 275. CASGoogle Scholar Kraft, A. A., Elliott, L. E. & Brant, A. W. (1958). The shell membrane as a barrier to bacterial penetration of eggs. Poult. Sci. 37, 238. 10.3382/ps.0370238 Web of Science®Google Scholar Kraft, A. A., McNally, E. G. & Brant, A. W. (1958). Shell quality and bacterial infection of shell eggs. Poult. Sci. 37, 638. 10.3382/ps.0370638 Web of Science®Google Scholar Lancaster, J. E. & Crabb, W. E. (1953). Studies on disinfection of eggs and incubators. I. The survival of Salmonella pullorum, thompson and typhi-murium on the surface of the hen's egg. Br. vet. J. 109, 139. 10.1016/S0007-1935(17)51039-8 Google Scholar Laschtschenko, P. (1909). Über die keinntotande unt ent wicklungshemmende Wirkung Hünereiweiss. Z. Hyg. InfektKr. 64, 619. Google Scholar Lifshitz, A. & Baker, R. C. (1964). Some physical properties of the egg shell membranes in relation to their resistance to bacterial penetration. Poult. Sci. 43, 527. 10.3382/ps.0430527 Web of Science®Google Scholar Lifshitz, A., Baker, R. C. & Naylor, H. B. (1964). The relative importance of chicken egg exterior structures in resisting bacterial penetration. J. Fd Sci. 29, 94. 10.1111/j.1365-2621.1964.tb01700.x Web of Science®Google Scholar Lineweaver, H. & Hurray, C. W. (1947). Identification of the trypsin inhibitor of egg white with ovomucoid. J. biol. Chem. 171, 565. CASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar Longsworth, L. G., Cannan, R. K. & MacInnes, D. A. (1940). An electrophoretic analysis of egg white. J. Am. chem. Soc. 62, 2580. 10.1021/ja01867a002 CASWeb of Science®Google Scholar Lorenz, F. W., Starr, P. B., Starr, M. P. & Ogasawara, F. X. (1952). The development of Pseudomonas spoilage in eggs. I. Penetration through the shell. Fd Res. 17, 351. 10.1111/j.1365-2621.1952.tb16773.x Web of Science®Google Scholar Lutsky, I. I. & Bell, A. E. (1953). Antibacterial action of egg albumen and embryonic immunity. Poult. Sci. 32, 285. 10.3382/ps.0320285 CASWeb of Science®Google Scholar Magwood, S. E. (1964). Studies in hatchery sanitation. 3. The effect of air-borne bacterial populations on contamination of egg and embryo surfaces. Poult. Sci. 43, 1567. 10.3382/ps.0431567 Web of Science®Google Scholar Marshall, W. & Cruickshank, D. B. (1938). The function of the cuticle in relation to the porosity of eggs. J. agric. Sci. 28, 24. 10.1017/S0021859600050528 Web of Science®Google Scholar Masushima, K. (1958). An undescribed trypsin inhibitor in egg white. Science, N.Y. 127, 1178. 10.1126/science.127.3307.1178 Web of Science®Google Scholar Massoff, W. & Stolpman, H. J. (1961). Licht und Electromenmikroskopische Untersuchungen und der Schalenhaut und Kalkschale der Huhnereies. A. Zehlforsch 55, 818. 10.1007/BF00381651 Web of Science®Google Scholar May, H. G. (1924). The examination of eggs from infected and immunized hens, with germicidal tests on albumen and blood serum. Bull. R.I. agric. exp. Stn no. 197. Google Scholar Miller, W. A. & Crawford, L. B. (1953). Some factors influencing bacterial population of eggs. Poult. Sci. 32, 303. 10.3382/ps.0320303 Web of Science®Google Scholar Murphy, T. W. & Sutton, W. S. (1947). The pasteurization of shell eggs to prevent storage rot and maintain quality. Agric. Gaz. N.S.W. Misc. Publ. no. 3317. Google Scholar Nelson, F. E. (1943). Factors which influence the growth of heat-treated bacteria. 1. Comparison of four agar media. J. Bact. 45, 395. CASPubMedGoogle Scholar Orel, V. (1959). The pseudomonas spoilage of eggs laid by individual hens. Poult. Sci. 38, 8. 10.3382/ps.0380008 Web of Science®Google Scholar Osborne, T. B. & Campbell, G. F. (1900). The protein constituents of egg white. J. Am. chem. Soc. 22, 422. 10.1021/ja02045a004 Web of Science®Google Scholar Parascandole, C. (1893). Cited in Haines (1939). Google Scholar Partridge, S. M. (1948). Filter-paper chromatography of sugars. 1. General description and application to the qualitative analysis of sugars in apple juice, egg white and foetal blood of sheep. Biochem. J. 42, 238. 10.1042/bj0420238 CASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar Pathak, R. C., Singh, C. M. & Tangri, R. P. (1960). Chick mortality and the contamination of yolks by members of the enterobacteriacae. Br. vet. J. 116, 81. 10.1016/S0007-1935(17)44405-8 Google Scholar Platt, A. E. (1936). Investigations into the nature of the condition known as "floating yolk". Aust. J. exp. Biol. med. Sci. 14, 105. 10.1038/icb.1936.12 Google Scholar Reid, W. M., Macy, T. A. Boyd, F. M., Kleckner, A. L. & Schmittle, S. C. (1961). Embryo and baby chick mortality and morbidity induced by a strain of Escherichia coli. Poult. Sci. 40, 1497. 10.3382/ps.0401497 Web of Science®Google Scholar Rettger, L. F. (1913). The bacteriology of the hen's egg, with special reference to its freedom from microbic invasion. Bull. Storrs. agric. Exp. Stn no. 75. Google Scholar Rettger, L. F. & Sperry, J. A. (1912). The antiseptic and bactericidal properties of egg-white. J. med. Res. 26, 55. CASPubMedGoogle Scholar Rhodes, M. B., Bennett, N. & Feeney, R. E. (1959). The flavoprotein-apoprotein system of egg white. J. biol. Chem. 234, 2054. 10.1016/S0021-9258(18)69866-7 CASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar Rhodes, M. B., Bennett, N. & Feeney, R. E. (1960). The trypsin and chymotrypsin inhibitors from avian egg whites. J. biol. Chem. 235, 1686. CASWeb of Science®Google Scholar Richard, O. & Mohler, A. (1950). Die Mikrobiologie der "Heu-eier". Mitt. Lebensm. Hyg., Bern. 41, 168. Google Scholar Rievel, H. (1939). Die Durchlässigkeit der Eischafe für die Bakerian und ihre Bedeuting für die Kühlhauslangerung. Proc. 7th World's Poult. Congr. Cleveland : Waverley Press Inc. Google Scholar Romanoff, A. L. & Romanoff, A. J. (1944). A study of preservation of eggs by flash heat treatment. Fd Res. 9, 358. 10.1111/j.1365-2621.1944.tb16699.x CASGoogle Scholar Romanoff, A. L. & Romanoff, A. J. (1949). The Avian Egg. New York : Wiley & Sons. Google Scholar Rosser, F. T. (1942). Preservation of eggs. II. Surface contamination on egg-shell in relation to spoilage. Can. J. Res. 20D, 291. 10.1139/cjr42d-024 Google Scholar Salton, M. R. J. (1957). The properties of lysozyme and its action on micro-organisms. Bact. Rev. 21, 82. CASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar Salton, M. R. J., Scott, W. J. & Vickery, J. R. (1951). Studies in the preservation of shell eggs. VI. The effect of pasteurization on bacterial rotting. Aust. J. appl. Sci. 2, 205. Google Scholar Schade, A. L. (1958). Siderophillin and conalbumin as physiologically active iron-chelating proteins. Abstr. Proc. Intern. Congr. Biochem., 4th Congr. Vienna 127, 10. Google Scholar Schade, A. L. & Caroline, L. (1944). Raw hen egg white and the role of iron in growth inhibition of Shigella dysenteriae, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Science, N.Y. 100, 14. 10.1126/science.100.2584.14 CASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar Schaible, F. J., Bandemer, S. L. & Davidson, J. A. (1946). Composition of fresh and storage eggs from hens fed cottonseed and non-cottonseed rations. 1. General observations. Poult. Sci. 25, 440. 10.3382/ps.0250440 CASWeb of Science®Google Scholar Schmidt, F. J. & Stadelman, W. J. (1957). Effects of antibiotics and heat treatment of shell eggs on quality after storage. Poult. Sci. 36, 1023. 10.3382/ps.0361023 CASWeb of Science®Google Scholar Scott, W. J. & Vickery, J. R. (1954). Studies in the preservation of eggs. VII. The effect of pasteurization on the maintenance of physical quality. Aust. J. appl. Sci. 5, 89. Google Scholar Sharp, P. F. & Powell, C. K. (1931). Increase in pH of white and yolk of hen's eggs. J. indust. engng Chem. 23, 196. 10.1021/ie50254a024 CASGoogle Scholar Sharp, P. F. & Stewart, G. F. (1936). Effect of relative humidity on the growth of moulds on eggs in storage. Mem. Cornell agric. exp. Stn no. 91. Google Scholar Sharp, P. F. & Whitaker, R. (1927). The relation of the hydrogen ion concentration of egg white to its germicidal action. J. Bact. 14, 17. CASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar Sherwood, D. H. (1958). Factors affecting egg quality—a review. Poult. Sci. 37, 924. 10.3382/ps.0370924 Web of Science®Google Scholar Simkiss, K. (1961). Calcium metabolism and avaian reproduction. Biol. Rev. 36, 321. 10.1111/j.1469-185X.1961.tb01292.x CASWeb of Science®Google Scholar Sperry, J. A. (1913). On antiseptic and bactericidal properties of eggs. Science, N.Y. 38, 413. Google Scholar Stewart, G. F. (1935). The structure of the hen's egg shell. Poult. Sci. 14, 24. 10.3382/ps.0140024 CASGoogle Scholar Stokes, J. L. & Osborne, W. W. (1956). Effect of the egg shell membrane on bacteria. Fd Res. 21, 264. 10.1111/j.1365-2621.1956.tb16919.x Google Scholar Stokes, J. L., Osborne, W. W. & Bayne, H. G. (1956). Penetration and growth of Salmonella in shell eggs. Fd Res. 21, 510. 10.1111/j.1365-2621.1956.tb16950.x Google Scholar Stuart, L. S. & McNally, E. H. (1943). Bacteriological studies on the egg shell. U.S. Egg Poult. Mag. 49, 28. Google Scholar Stute, K. W. (1960). Paper electrophoretic investigations of egg white proteins of chicken eggs. Arch. Kleintierz. 24, 543. CASGoogle Scholar Sullivan, M. X. (1905). Synthetic medium for chromobacterium. J. med. Res. 14, 109. CASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar Taylor, C. M. A. (1960). The genetic basis of egg quality. Br. Poult. Sci. 1, 3. 10.1080/00071666009382373 Google Scholar Taylor, C. M. A. & Manwell, C. (1962). Molecular genetics of avian proteins. 1. The egg white proteins of the domestic fowl. Br. Poult. Sci. 3, 161. 10.1080/00071666208415471 Google Scholar Trussell, P. C., Fulton, C. O. & Cameron, C. I. (1955). Bacterial spoilage of shell eggs. II. Incidence of spoilage in eggs from ninety-four farms. Fd Technol., Champaign 9, 130. Web of Science®Google Scholar Trussell, P. C., Triggs, R. E. & Greer, B. A. (1955). Bacterial spoilage of shell eggs. III. Farm practices promoting spoilage. Fd Technol., Champaign 9, 134. Web of Science®Google Scholar Turro, R. (1902). Zur Bakterienverduung. Zentbl. Bakt. ParasitKde (Abt 1) 32, 105. Google Scholar Tyler, C. (1945). The porosity of egg shells, and the influence of different levels of dietary calcium upon porosity. J. agric. Sci. 35, 168. 10.1017/S0021859600049182 CASWeb of Science®Google Scholar Tyler, C. (1953). Studies on egg shells. II. A method for marking and counting pores. J. Sci. Fd Agric. 4, 266. 10.1002/jsfa.2740040603 Web of Science®Google Scholar Tyler, C. (1956). Studies on egg shells. VII. Some aspect of structure as shown by plastic models. J. Sci. Fd Agric. 7, 483. 10.1002/jsfa.2740070705 Google Scholar Tyler, C. (1961a). Studies on egg shells. XVI. Variations in shell thickness over different parts of the same shell. J. Sci. Fd Agric. 12, 459. 10.1002/jsfa.2740120606 CASWeb of Science®Google Scholar Tyler, C. (1961b). Studies on egg shells. XVII. Variations in membrane thickness and in the true shell nitrogen over different parts of the same shell. J. Sci. Fd Agric. 12, 470. 10.1002/jsfa.2740120607 CASGoogle Scholar Walden, C. C., Allen, I. V. F. & Trussell, P. C. (1956). The role of the egg shell and shell membranes in restraining the entry of micro-organisms. Poult. Sci. 35, 1190. 10.3382/ps.0351190 Web of Science®Google Scholar Warner, R. C. & Weber, L. (1951). The preparation of crystalline conalbumin. J. biol. Chem. 191, 173. CASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar Warner, R. C. & Weber, I. (1953). The metal binding properties of conalbumin. J. Am. chem. Soc. 75, 5094. 10.1021/ja01116a056 CASWeb of Science®Google Scholar Weston, W. A. R. D. & Halnan, E. T. (1927). "Black spot" of eggs. Poult. Sci. 6, 251. 10.3382/ps.0060251 Google Scholar Wilcox, F. H. (1955). Evidence of an association between lysozyme level and the quality of egg white. Poult. Sci. 34, 1170. 10.3382/ps.0341170 CASWeb of Science®Google Scholar Williams, J. (1962). Serum proteins and livetins of hen's egg yolk. Biochem. J. 83, 346. 10.1042/bj0830346 CASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar Wilson, J. E. (1945). Infected egg shells are a means of spread of Salmonellosis in chicks and ducklings. Vet. Rec. 57, 411. Google Scholar Winter, A. R., Burhart, B. & Wettling, C. (1952). Cleaning eggs for market. Bull. Ohio agric. exp. Stn no. 710. Google Scholar Winter, A. R., Burhart, B., Clements, P. & MacDonald, L. (1955). Cleaning eggs with detergents and detergent-sanitizers. Bull. Ohio agric. exp. Stn no. 762. Google Scholar Wolk, J., McNally, E. H. & Spicknall, N. H. (1950). The effect of temperature on bacterial infection of shell eggs. Fd Technol., Champaign 4, 316. Web of Science®Google Scholar Woolley, D. W. & Longsworth, L. G. (1942). Isolation of an anti-biotin factor from egg white. J. biol. Chem. 142, 285. CASWeb of Science®Google Scholar Zagaevsky, J. S. & Lutikova, P. O. (1944). Sanitary measures in the egg breaking plant. U.S. Egg Poult. Mag. 50, 17. Google Scholar Citing Literature Volume29, Issue2August 1966Pages 319-341 ReferencesRelatedInformation
Referência(s)