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Comparison of Unrelated Cord Blood and Peripheral Blood Stem Cell Transplantation in Adults with Myelodysplastic Syndrome after Reduced-Intensity Conditioning Regimen: A Collaborative Study from Eurocord (Cord blood Committee of Cellular Therapy & Immunobiology Working Party of EBMT) and Chronic Malignancies Working Party

2014; Elsevier BV; Volume: 21; Issue: 3 Linguagem: Inglês

10.1016/j.bbmt.2014.11.675

1523-6536

Marie Robin, Annalisa Ruggeri, Myriam Labopin, Dietger Niederwieser, Reza Tabrizi, Guillermo Sanz, Jean Bourhis, Anja van Biezen, Christian Koenecke, Didier Blaise, Johanna Tischer, Charles Craddock, Natacha Maillard, Mohamad Mohty, Nigel H Russel, Johannes Schetelig, Jürgen Finke, Éliane Gluckman, Theo M. de Witte, Vanderson Rocha, Nicolaus Kröger,

Neutropenia and Cancer Infections

Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) remains the only curative treatment in patients with higher risk myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS), but the choice of the optimal alternative stem cell source is still a subject of debate in patients lacking an HLA-matched sibling donor. Here, we report on a large series of patients with MDS (N = 631) transplanted either with mobilized peripheral stem cells (PBs) from unrelated donors (n = 502) or with umbilical cord blood transplant (UCB, n = 129) as alternative grafts after reduced-intensity conditioning. Neutrophil engraftment was higher after PB (98% versus 78%, P < .0001). Acute graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) was similar after PB (31%) and UCB (29%), and chronic GVHD incidence was higher after PB (41% versus 23%). Two-year nonrelapse mortality was lower after PB (31% versus 42% P = .03). There was a better overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) after PB (49% ± 2% versus 30% ± 4%, P < .0001 and 44% ± 2% versus 28% ± 4%, P < .0001). Multivariate analysis confirmed the advantage of PB for treatment-related mortality, OS, and DFS, whereas relative risk of chronic GVHD was similar. A multivariate analysis comparing PB from a 10/10 HLA-matched donor, PB from a 9/10 HLA-matched donor, and UCB showed an advantage on treatment-related mortality, DFS, and OS only in 10/10 PB. We conclude that in MDS patients lacking an HLA-matched sibling donor, PB from a 10/10 HLA-matched unrelated donor is the preferred source of hematopoietic stem cells. HLA-mismatched unrelated donor or cord blood seem to give similar inferior results except for neutrophil engraftment, which is delayed after UCB.