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Exfoliation of Graphite into Graphene in Aqueous Solutions of Inorganic Salts

2014; American Chemical Society; Volume: 136; Issue: 16 Linguagem: Inglês

10.1021/ja5017156

1943-2984

Khaled Parvez, Zhong‐Shuai Wu, Rongjin Li, Xianjie Liu, Robert Graf, Xinliang Feng, Kläus Müllen,

Advancements in Battery Materials

Mass production of high-quality graphene sheets is essential for their practical application in electronics, optoelectronics, composite materials, and energy-storage devices. Here we report a prompt electrochemical exfoliation of graphene sheets into aqueous solutions of different inorganic salts ((NH4)2SO4, Na2SO4, K2SO4, etc.). Exfoliation in these electrolytes leads to graphene with a high yield (>85%, ≤3 layers), large lateral size (up to 44 μm), low oxidation degree (a C/O ratio of 17.2), and a remarkable hole mobility of 310 cm2 V–1 s–1. Further, highly conductive graphene films (11 Ω sq–1) are readily fabricated on an A4-size paper by applying brush painting of a concentrated graphene ink (10 mg mL–1, in N,N′-dimethylformamide). All-solid-state flexible supercapacitors manufactured on the basis of such graphene films deliver a high area capacitance of 11.3 mF cm–2 and an excellent rate capability of 5000 mV s–1. The described electrochemical exfoliation shows great promise for the industrial-scale synthesis of high-quality graphene for numerous advanced applications.