Artigo Revisado por pares

The Dynamic Benchmarking of Labour Markets

2004; Routledge; Volume: 38; Issue: 5 Linguagem: Inglês

10.1080/0143116042000229276

ISSN

1360-0591

Autores

Melanie Jones,

Tópico(s)

Regional Economic and Spatial Analysis

Resumo

Abstract Jones M. K. (2004) The dynamic benchmarking of labour markets, Reg. Studies 38, 495–506. This paper investigates the potential role of benchmarking labour market performance at the regional level. It focuses on how labour market comparison can be simplified, using a single, composite measure of performance, whilst capturing the multi-dimensional nature of labour market performance. The issues that surround the development of a composite measure are discussed, including the selection of domains, indicators, an appropriate benchmark and weights. The possibilities of dynamic benchmarking for monitoring labour market performance are illustrated through a benchmark of the Welsh Labour Market and the localities currently receiving Objective 1 funding. Jones M. K. (2004) La détermination des points de repère dynamiques des marchés du travail, Reg. Studies 38, 495–506. Cet article cherche à examiner le rôle éventuel de la détermination des points de repère pour évaluer au niveau régional la performance des marchés du travail. A partir d'une seule mesure composée de la performance, l'article porte sur la façon dont on peut simplifier la comparaison des performances des marchés du travail, tout en captant leur caractère multidimensionnel. Les questions que soulèvent le développement d'une mesure composée sont remises en question, y compris la sélection des domaines, des indicateurs, d'un point de repère approprié, et des pondérations. Pour illustrer la portée de la détermination des points de repère dynamiques dans le suivi de la performance des marchés du travail, on se sert d'un point de repère relatif au marché du travail aux pays de Galles et aux zones remplissant les conditions nécessaires à l'obtention du financement sous l'égide de l'Objectif I Jones M. K. (2004) Die dynamische Normierung der Arbeitsmärkte, Reg. Studies 38, 495–506. Dieser Aufsatz untersucht die potentielle Rolle der Normierung von Arbeitsmarktleistungen auf regionaler Ebene. Er konzentriert sich auf Möglichkeiten der Vereinfachung von Arbeitsmarktvergleichen. Die multidimensionale Natur der Arbeitsmarktleistung wird durch Anwendung eines einzigen, zusammengesetzen Leistungsmaßes erfaßt. Die Fragen, welche im Zusammenhang mit der Entwicklung eines zusammengesezten Maßes entstehen, werden diskutiert, einschließlich der Wahl von Funktionsbereichen, Indikatoren, einer angemessenen Norm und Gewichtung. Die Möglichkeiten dymanischer Normierung zur Kontrolle der Arbeitsmarktleistung werden mit Hilfe der Normierung des walisischen Arbeitsmarktes und der Gegenden erhellt, die z.Zt. 'Objective One Funding' erhalten. Jones M. K. (2004) La comparación (benchmarking) dinámica de los mercados laborales, Reg. Studies 38, 495–506. Este artículo investiga el rol potencial de comparar el comportamiento de los mercados laborales a nivel regional. Se centra en cómo se puede simplificar la comparación entre los mercados laborales, utilizando una única medida compuesta de comportamiento, aunque capturando la naturaleza multi-dimensional del comportamiento de los mercados laborales. Se examinan las cuestiones que rodean el desarrollo de una medida compuesta, incluyendo la selección de campos, indicadores, un parámetro de comparación apropiado y ponderaciones. Se ilustran las posibilidades de una comparación dinámica para observar el comportamiento de los mercados laborales mediante una comparación del mercado laboral Galés y las localidades que actualmente reciben Fondos de Objetivo Uno. Keywords: BenchmarkingRegional labour marketsEstudio comparativo (benchmarking)Mercados laborales regionales Acknowledgments The author would like to thank Richard Jones and Peter Sloane for their useful comments and suggestions. Financial support from the European Social Fund is gratefully acknowledged. Notes The index was also applied to unitary authorities within Wales; results are available from the author on request. Tronti, Citation1998, describes internal benchmarking as within one organization. Applied to the labour market it is used to mean within the same country, following Schutz et al., Citation1998 This is in sharp contrast to the Welsh Index of Multiple Deprivation, which compares deprivation in electoral divisions at a single point in time. Comparison can only be undertaken within Wales since the performance criteria are not consistent with other UK regions or previous surveys. See Mosley and Mayer, Citation1998, and Schutz et al., Citation1998, for more detailed discussions. Inactivity figures may also include those working in informal or underground work. For example, while high economic activity is associated with high output and gross domestic product (GDP), it may also reflect reduced participation in education. This is a particular concern when the fluctuations differ between areas. The WIMD also uses explicit weights, but domains are not weighted equally, for example income (25%) and employment (25%) are given greater weight than access to services (10%). The claimant count measures are used due to greater availability at the local level. However, unemployment claimant count measures are thought to underestimate the true number unemployed (see Gregg, Citation1994; and MacKay, Citation1999). Although regional price differences are observed and Economic Trends estimates the differentials in 2001, there are not consistent measures over time; thus the RPI is used for all areas, ONS series code rpi1, CHAW which includes all items. The UK average seems a more realistic goal for policy than trying to attain standards comparable with the 'best' area for each indicator. The use of best performance follows the extensive use of benchmarking in comparisons between firms, where 'winning' is important. Theoretical goals may be unrealistic and essentially unobtainable. The actual date was influenced by data availability. The percentage point movement is used since it is independent of index standardization. The proportion in long-term unemployment is used throughout due to the likely additional correlation when using the unemployment rate. The inactivity indicator improves only very slightly for Britain, from 100 to 101·39. The Objective 1 area in Wales was obtained by aggregating data from the following unitary authorities: Isle of Anglesey; Blaenau Gwent; Bridgend; Caerphilly; Carmarthenshire; Ceredigion; Conwy; Denbighshire; Gwynedd; Merthyr Tydfil; Neath and Port Talbot; Pembrokeshire; Rhondda; Cynon; Taff; Swansea; and Torfaen. Therefore, Flintshire, Wrexham, Powys, Monmouthshire, Newport, Cardiff and the Vale of Glamorgan are included in the Objective 3 area. Similarly, South Yorkshire contains the unitary authorities of Barnsley, Doncaster, Sheffield and Rotherham. Cornwall and Scilly contain North Cornwall, Caradon, Restormel, Carrick, Kerrier, Penwith, and the Isles of Scilly; Merseyside includes the unitary authorities of Liverpool, Knowsley, Sefton, St Helens and Wirral. Note, though, the index for the Objective areas excludes the income domain due to data availability. The county of Cornwall has the lowest average earnings figure in the UK. Source: Cornwall City Council. Data from the New Earnings Survey, 1998. At present the differences in the levels of spending between the Objective 1 Areas has not been considered. Other labour market inputs should also be considered.

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