A ‘Glittering Landmark for a 21st Century Entertainment Centre’: The history of The Point multiplex cinema in Milton Keynes
2013; Routledge; Volume: 33; Issue: 2 Linguagem: Inglês
10.1080/01439685.2013.798078
ISSN1465-3451
Autores Tópico(s)Cinema and Media Studies
ResumoClick to increase image sizeClick to decrease image size Acknowledgements I would like to acknowledge the help of Steve Knibbs, Chief Executive Officer of Vue cinemas, and a former manager at The Point, for his help with certain historical details in this article; and Jenny McLellan from Milton Keynes Discovery Centre for her patience and help in furnishing me with archive data. Notes 1 Milton Keynes Citizen, 14 May 2012. 2 Stuart Hanson, From Silent Screen to Multi-screen: a history of cinema-going in Britain since 1896 (Manchester, 2007). 3 Frederic J. Osborn, and Arnold Whittick, New Towns: their origins, achievements and progress (London, 1977). 4 Mark Clapson, A Social History of Milton Keynes (London, 2004), 43. 5 Michael Edwards, City design: what went wrong at Milton Keynes?, Journal of Urban Design, 6(1) (2001), 87–96. 6 Nikolaus Pevsner and Elizabeth Williamson, Buckinghamshire, 2nd edition (Harmondsworth, 1994), 494. 7 Terence Bendixson and John Platt, Milton Keynes: image and reality (Cambridge, 1992). 8 MKDC, Milton Keynes Development Corporation Thirteenth Annual Report, 31 March 1980. 9 MKDC, A Recreation Strategy for Milton Keynes, Milton Keynes Development Corporation, EMC 201: 82, 8 February 1982, 12. 10 MKDC, Milton Keynes Development Corporation Fourth Annual Report, 31 March 1971. 11 MKDC, Minutes of the Executive Main Committee, EMC Pt. II Minutes, 2022–2037, 31 January 1979, Minute 2023. 12 Milton Keynes Express, 1 June 1979. 13 Milton Keynes Gazette, 24 October 1980. 14 Allen Eyles, The Granada Theatres (London, 1998), 221. 15 Clapson (2004) and Bendixson and Platt (1992). 16 MKDC, A Recreation Strategy for Milton Keynes… 1982. 17 MKDC, Milton Keynes City Centre Entertainment: a development activity (1982), 14. 18 MKDC, Milton Keynes City Centre Entertainment…, 14. 19 MKDC, Milton Keynes City Centre Entertainment…, 19. 20 Allen Eyles, Odeon Cinemas 2: from J. Arthur Rank to the multiplex (London, 2005), 157. 21 Allen Eyles, Odeon Cinemas 2, 152. 22 Stuart Hanson, From Silent Screen to Multi-screen …. 23 MKDC, Pyramid landmark for Milton Keynes entertainment: Press release (MKDC Information Unit, 20 July 1983). 24 MKDC, Pyramid landmark for Milton Keynes entertainment, 1983. 25 Hugh Pearman, Owen Hatherley and Lee Mallet, 61/11 BDP Continuous Collective (BDP, 2011). 26 Christopher Ratcliff, Sir George Grenfell-Baines: A pioneering architect, he developed an interdisciplinary approach to building, The Guardian, 27 May 2003. 27 Shaping up for the Aztec Look: Change of plan means a delay, Milton Keynes Citizen, 29 March 1984. 28 Hugh Pearman et al., 61/11 BDP Continuous Collective, 72-3. 29 Milton Keynes Citizen, 29 March 1984. 30 Innovative Designer with Unparalleled Influence, Night Magazine, 29 July 2006. 31 Nataša Ďurovičová, Los Toquis, or Urban Babel, in Linda Kraus and Patrice Petro (eds), Global Cities: cinema, architecture, and urbanism in a digital age (New Brunswick, NJ, 2003), 80. 32 Edwin Heathcote, Cinema Builders (Chichester, 2001). 33 Eva Branscombe, THE POINT (incl. Odeon cinema), Midsummer Boulevard, Milton Keynes, Buckinghamshire; Building Design Partnership with Neil Tibbatts as interior designer, 1985 Application for inclusion in the statutory list of buildings of special historic and architectural interest, 5 June 2012. 34 English Heritage, Consultation Report for Listing, The Point, Midsummer Boulevard, Milton Keynes, 19 October 2012 and Simon Sadler, Archigram: architecture without architecture (Cambridge, MA, 2005). 35 Andrew Higson, ‘The Discourses of British Film Year’, Screen, 27(1) (1986), 86–109. 36 John Howkins, ‘British Film Year’, Sight and Sound, 54(1) (Winter 1984/85). 37 AIP & Co (1984) News—British Film Year, October 1984, No. 59, 15. 38 Quoted in Phil Hoad, How multiplex cinemas saved the British film industry 25 years ago, The Guardian, 11 November 2010. 39 John Cunningham, Crystal hall’ The Guardian, 21 July 1983. 40 Adam Dawtrey, The Resurrection of British Cinema, The Hollywood Reporter, International Exhibition Special Report, May 1991. 41 Ian McAsh, Take 5: People in Camera, Films on Screen and Video, 5(1) (June 1985), 14–15. 42 Ian McAsh, Take 5: People in Camera, 14. 43 Bass Leisure/AMC, Milton Keynes Points’ to the future, Press Release, 21 November 1985. 44 Bass Leisure/AMC, Milton Keynes Points' to the future. 45 Nigel Floyd, View to a screen killing, Stills, 19 (May 1985), 23. 46 Bass Leisure/AMC, Milton Keynes Points’ to the future. 47 Milton Keynes Gazette, 12 April 1985. 48 The Citizen, 28 November 1985. 49 Bass Leisure/AMC, 2,000 seats, 10 auditoria and unique programme scheduling—The AMC multiplex opens in Milton Keynes, Press Release, 21 November 1985. 50 Tim Pulleine, Sight and Sound 54(3) (Summer 1985), 154. 51 Martin Fodor, AMC The Point 10 Cinemas: Notes from the first AMC ‘Customer Focus Group’ (Milton Keynes Urban Studies Centre, July 1987). 52 The programme for the first week of operation (opening Friday 29 November 1985) was: Santa Claus (certificate U), Goonies (PG), Prizzi’s Honour (15), St Elmo’s Fire (PG), The Bride (15), Weird Science (15), My Beautiful Laundrette (15) and Back to the Future (from 4 December) (PG). 53 Boxoffice, 18 September 1972: E–9. 54 Adam Dawtrey, The Resurrection of British Cinema, S–19. 55 Bass Leisure/AMC, 2,000 seats, 10 auditoria and unique programme scheduling, 1985. 56 Ian McAsh, Take 5: People in Camera, 14–15. 57 Ian Freer, Uniplex!, Empire, 99 (September 1997), 100–106, 101. 58 Peter Freedman, Supermarket cinema cashes in, The Observer, 8 November 1987. 59 Nick Glass, Channel 4 News, Channel 4, 5 November 1986. 60 Variety, 15 February 1989, 14. 61 Variety, 21 June 1989, 11. 62 Quoted in Allen Eyles, Odeon Cinemas 2, 157. 63 Interview with Steve Knibbs, conducted by email, September 2012. 64 The Guardian, 14 October 1988. 65 In 2001, AMC re-entered the British multiplex cinema market, opening two new multiplexes in mixed-use developments at Birmingham’s Broadway Plaza (a converted children’s hospital and adjoining site) and in Manchester’s Great Northern development (a converted railway goods warehouse). 66 Dodona Research, Cinemagoing 9 (Leicester 2001). 67 British Film Institute, BFI Statistical Yearbook 2012 (BFI, 2012), 9. 68 Alan Collins, Chris Hand and Andrew Ryder, The lure of the multiplex? The interplay of time, distance and cinema attendance, Environment and Planning, 37 (2005), 483–501, 485. 69 British Film Institute, BFI Statistical Yearbook 2012, 95. 70 British Film Institute, BFI Statistical Yearbook 2012, 104. 71 Peter Jones, and David Hillier, Changing the balance—the ‘ins and outs’ of retail development, Property Management, 18(2) (2000), 114–126, 117. 72 Department of Transport, National Travel Survey Statistical Release, 28 July 2011, available at: http://assets.dft.gov.uk/statistics/releases/national-travel-survey-2010/nts2010-01.pdf (Accessed 8 October 2011). 73 Sight and Sound, 55(2) (Spring 1986), 96. 74 Ghostbusters (Ivan Reitman, Columbia; US, 1984) and Back to the Future (Robert Zemeckis, Universal; US, 1985). 75 Giuseppe Delmestri and Filippo Wezel Breaking the wave: the contested legitimation of an alien organizational form, Journal of International Business Studies, 42 (2011), 828–852, 831. 76 Justin Smith, Cinema for sale: the impact of the multiplex on cinema going in Britain, 1985–2000, Journal of British Cinema and Television, 2(2) (2005), 242–255, 246. 77 Daniel Thomas, Hammerson plans Milton Keynes heart transplant …, Building, 25 August 2006, Available at: http://www.building.co.uk/hammerson-plans-milton-keynes-heart-transplant/3072509.article (Accessed 1 July 2012). 78 Hammerson, Hammerson announces The Point Public Exhibition, Press Release, 14 May 2012 http://www.thepointmiltonkeynes.co.uk/PDFs/News%201.pdf (Accessed 1 July 2012). 79 Hammerson, Initial plans to revitalize The Point, 2012, http://www.thepointmiltonkeynes.co.uk/index.html (Accessed 1 July 2012). 80 Hammerson, Initial plans to revitalize The Point. 81 Eva Branscombe, THE POINT (incl. Odeon cinema), Midsummer Boulevard, Milton Keynes, 2012. 82 MKC, CL69 ‘The Point’—listing as a building of special interest, Minutes of the meeting of Milton Keynes Council, 14 December 2004, Milton Keynes Council. 83 MKC, 6B ‘The Point’—listing as a building of special interest, Minutes of the meeting of the Development Control Committee’, Wednesday 12 January 2005, Milton Keynes Council. 84 MKC, The Point: Briefing Note for Development Control Committee’ 10 May 2005, http://cmis.milton-keynes.gov.uk/CmisWebPublic/Binary.ashx?Document=11851 (Accessed 1 July 2012). 85 English Heritage defines Grade II∗ buildings as ‘particularly important buildings of more than special interest’. http://www.english-heritage.org.uk/caring/listing/listed-buildings/ (Accessed 2 July 2012). 86 Eva Branscombe, THE POINT (incl. Odeon cinema), Midsummer Boulevard, Milton Keynes, 2012. 87 English Heritage, Advice Report for Listing, The Point, Midsummer Boulevard, Milton Keynes, 22 February 2013. 88 In August 2004 equity firm Terra Firma purchased both the Odeon and UCI cinema chains. In Britain, all of its UCI cinemas were rebranded as Odeon. 89 English Heritage, Advice Report for Listing, 2013.
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