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Varroacides and their residues in bee products

1999; Springer Science+Business Media; Volume: 30; Issue: 2-3 Linguagem: Inglês

10.1051/apido

1297-9678

Klaus Wallner,

Pesticide Residue Analysis and Safety

In general, the use of varroacides in bee colonies leaves residues in various bee products.Among the variety of available varroacides, three ingredients are commonly detectable in honey and beeswax: bromopropylate (Folbex VA Neu), coumaphos (Perizin, Asuntol) and fluvalinate (Apistan, Klartan, Mavrik).These chemicals are fat-soluble and non-volatile, and thus they accumulate in ppm levels as residues in beeswax with years of treatment.Through the process of diffusion, these ingredients migrate from the wax comb into the stored honey.In German honey, the most fre- quently found varroacide is coumaphos (28 %).Bromopropylate is detectable but with decreasing fre- quency (11 %).Because of its high binding strength in beeswax, fluvalinate detection is relatively rare in honey (1 %).All residues were found with low ppb levels.Other ingredients with similar chemi- cal behaviour presently play an unimportant role as residues in honey, beeswax and propolis owing to the very low amount of ingredients used (acrinathrine, flumethrine) or instability (amitraz).© Inra/DIB/AGIB/Elsevier, Paris Apis mellifera / varroacides / bee products / residues ments.Since it is the purpose of these reg- ulations to protect the users and consumers, an international standard among national regulations is needed.