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Self-Predictions of Prospective Memory in HIV-Associated Neurocognitive Disorders: Evidence of a Metamemory Deficit

2014; Oxford University Press; Volume: 29; Issue: 8 Linguagem: Inglês

10.1093/arclin/acu061

1873-5843

Kaitlin B. Casaletto, Katie L. Doyle, Erica Weber, Steven Paul Woods, R K Heaton, Igor Grant, J. H. Atkinson, Ronald J. Ellis, Scott Letendre, Thomas D. Marcotte, J. Marquie-Beck, Melanie A. Sherman, Ronald J. Ellis, Scott Letendre, J. Allen McCutchan, Brookie M. Best, Rachel Schrier, Debralee Rosario, R K Heaton, J. H. Atkinson, Steven Paul Woods, Perczel Forintos D, Thomas D. Marcotte, Mariana Cherner, David J. Moore, M. Dawson, Christine Fennema‐Notestine, Monte S. Buchsbaum, John R. Hesselink, Sarah Archibald, Gregory G. Brown, Richard B. Buxton, Anders M. Dale, Thomas T. Liu, E. Masliah, Cristian L. Achim, Davey M. Smith, Douglas D. Richman, J. Allen McCutchan, Mariana Cherner, Cristian L. Achim, Stuart A. Lipton, J. H. Atkinson, J. Marquie-Beck, Anthony Gamst, Clint Cushman, Ian Abramson, Florin Vaida, R Deutsch, Anya Umlauf,

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HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND) are associated with deficits in prospective memory (PM; "remembering to remember"), conferring risk of daily functioning declines. However, self-perceptions of PM functioning are not reliably associated with PM performance in HIV, suggesting a possible deficit in awareness of PM abilities (meta-PM). Our study examined meta-PM in HAND and its correlates using self-predictions of laboratory-based PM performance. Performance-based PM abilities, self-reported prediction of PM performance, and PM complaints in everyday life were assessed in 49 individuals with HAND, 93 HIV+ without HAND (HIV+ noHAND), and 121 seronegative adults (HIV−). After controlling for group-level differences, HAND was associated with a greater number of PM symptoms in everyday life and worse PM performance when compared with both HIV+ noHAND and HIV− samples. Although HAND individuals reported somewhat lower predictions regarding their laboratory PM performance relative to the other study groups, they nevertheless exhibited significantly greater inaccurate overconfidence in time-based PM abilities. Within the HAND group, overconfidence in time-based meta-PM was associated with executive dysfunction and antiretroviral (ARV) nonadherence. HAND individuals evidenced a moderate deficit in awareness of PM functioning characterized by overconfidence in time-based PM abilities. Overconfidence in PM may result in absence of compensatory strategy use, and lead to increased errors in daily functioning (e.g., ARV nonadherence).