Revisão Acesso aberto Revisado por pares

Psychopharmacology: concepts and opinions about the use of stimulant medications

2009; Wiley; Volume: 50; Issue: 1-2 Linguagem: Inglês

10.1111/j.1469-7610.2008.02062.x

ISSN

1469-7610

Autores

James M. Swanson, Nora D. Volkow,

Tópico(s)

Autism Spectrum Disorder Research

Resumo

Journal of Child Psychology and PsychiatryVolume 50, Issue 1-2 p. 180-193 Psychopharmacology: concepts and opinions about the use of stimulant medications James M. Swanson, James M. SwansonSearch for more papers by this authorNora D. Volkow, Nora D. VolkowSearch for more papers by this author James M. Swanson, James M. SwansonSearch for more papers by this authorNora D. Volkow, Nora D. VolkowSearch for more papers by this author First published: 29 January 2009 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.2008.02062.xCitations: 55 James M. Swanson, Child Development Center Irvine, The Child Development Center, 19722 MacArthur Boulevard, Irvine, California 92612; United States; Email address: [email protected] Conflict of interest statement: James M. Swanson has received honoraria for lectures from J & J Jassen-Ortho, Inc., UCB Pharma Ltd and Convention Likage Inc., and consulting fees from NV Organon. Read the full textAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onEmailFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat References Adesman, A. (2004). Flawed attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder medication comparison. Pediatrics, 114, 1132. Angell, M. (2008). Industry sponsored research: A broken system. Journal of the American Medical Association, 300, 1069–1071. Arnold, L.E., Swanson, J.M., Hectman, L., Vitiello, B., Molina, B.S.G., Jensen, P., Hinshaw, S.P., & Wigal, T. (2008). Understanding the 36-month MTA follow-up findings in context. Attention, 15, 14–18. Banaschewski, T., Coghill, D., Santosh, P., Zuddas, A., Asherson, P., Buitelaar, J., Danckaerts, M., Döpfner, M., Faraone, S.V., Rothenberger, A., Sergeant, J., Steinhausen, H.C., Sonuga-Barke, E.J., & Taylor, E. (2006). Long-acting medications for the hyperkinetic disorders. A systematic review and European treatment guideline. European Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 15, 476–495. Barkley, R.A. (1977). A review of stimulant drug research with hyperactive children. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 18, 137–165. Biederman, J., Swanson, J.M., Wigal, S.B., Kratochvil, C.J., Boellner, S.W., Earl, C.Q., Jiang, J., & Greenhill, L. (2005). Efficacy and safety of modafinil film-coated tablet in children and adolescents with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: Results of a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, flexible-dose study. Pediatrics, 116, 777–784. Bradley, C. (1937). The behavior of children receiving Benzedrine. American Journal of Psychiatry, 94, 577–585. Bradley, C. (1950). Benzedrine and Dexedrine in the treatment of children's behavior disorders. Pediatrics, 5, 24–37. Bramble, D. (2003). Annotation: The use of psychotropic medications in children: A British view. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 44, 169–179. Conners, C.K. (2002). Forty years of methylphenidate treatment in attention deficit/hyperactive disorder. Journal of Attention Disorders, 6, S17–S30. Conners, C.K., & Eisenberg, L. (1963). The effects of methylphenidate on symptomatology and learning in disturbed in children. American Journal of Psychiatry, 120, 458–464. Connor, D.F., & Steingard, R.J. (2004). New formulations of stimulants for attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder: Therapeutic potential. CNS Drugs, 18, 101–1030. DeAngelis, C.D., & Fontanarosa, P.B. (2008). Impugning the integrity of medical science: The adverse effects of industry influence. Journal of the American Medical Association, 299, 1833–1835. DeVeaugh-Geiss, J., March, J., Shapiro, M., Andreason, P.J., Emslie, G., Ford, L.M., Greenhill, L., Murphy, D., Prentice, E., Roberts, R., Silva, S., Swanson, J.M., Van Zwieten-Boot, B., Vitiello, B., Wagner, K.D., & Mangum, B. (2006). Child and adolescent psychopharmacology in the new millennium: a workshop for academia, industry, and government. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry, 45, 503–11. Dougherty, D.D., Bonab, A.A., Fischman, A.J., Madras, B.K., Rauch, S.L., & Spencer, T.J. (1999). Dopamine transfer density in patient with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. The Lancet, 354, 2132–3233. Douglas, V.I., Barr, R.G., O'Neill, M.E., & Britton, B.G. (1986). Short-term effects of methylphenidate in the cognitive, learning, and academic performance of children with attention deficit disorder in the laboratory and the classroom. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 27, 191–211. Forssberg, H., Fernell, E., Waters, S., Waters, N., & Tedroff, J. (2006). Altered pattern of brain dopamine synthesis in male adolescents with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Behavioral and Brain Functions, 2, 40–50. Greenhill, L.L., Biederman, J., Boellner, S.W., Rugino, T.A., Sangal, R.B., Earl, C.Q., Jiang, J.G., & Swanson, J.M. (2006). A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study of modafinil film-coated tablets in children and adolescents with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 45, 261–70. Greenhill, L.L., Swanson, J.M., Steinhoff, K., Fried, J., Posner, K., Lerner, M., Wigal, S., Clausen, S.B., Zhang, Y., & Tulloch, S. (2003). A pharmacokinetic pharmocodynamic study comparing a single morning dose of Adderall to twice-daily dosing in children with ADHD. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 40, 1352–1355. International Narcotics Control Board. (19992006). Psychotrophic substances. United Nations Publications: New York. Jensen, P.S., Arnold, L.E., Swanson, J.M., Vitiello, B., Abikoff, H.B., Greenhill, L.L., et al. (2007). 3-Year follow-up of the NIMH MTA Study. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 46, 989–1002. Jorgensen, A.W., Hilden, J., & Gotzsche, P.C. (2006). Cochrane reviews compared with industry supported meta-analyses and other meta-analyses of the same drugs: Systematic review. British Medical Journal, doi:10.1136/bmj.38973.444699.0B. Kinsbourne, M., & Swanson, J.M. (1980). Evaluation of symptomatic treatment of hyperactive behavior by stimulant drugs. In R.M. Knights, & D. Bakker (Eds.), Treatment of hyperactive and learning disordered children: Current research. Baltimore: University Park Press. Levy, G. (1994). Mechanism-based pharmacodynamic modeling. Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, 56, 356–358. Ludolph, A.G., Kassubek, J., Schmeck, K., Glaser, C., Wunderlich, A., Buck, A.K., et al. (2008). Dopaminergic dysfunction in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), difference between pharmacologically treated and never treated young adults: A 3,4 –dihdroxy-6-[18F]fluorophenyl-L-alanine PET study. NeuroImage, 41, 718–727. McCabe, S.E., Boyd, C.J., Guthrue, S.K., & Teter, C.J. (2004). Prevalence and correlates of illicit methylphenidate use among 8th, 10th, and 12th grade students in the United States, 2001. Journal of Adolescent Health, 35, 501–504. McCabe, S.E., Boyd, C.J., & Teter, C.J. (2006). Medical use, illicit use and diversion of prescription stimulant medication. Journal of Psychoactive Drugs, 38, 43–56. McCracken, J.T., Biederman, J., Greenhill, L.L., Swanson, J.M., McGough, J.J., Spencer, T.J., et al. (2003). Analog classroom assessment of a once-daily mixed amphetamine formulation, SLI381 (Adderall XR), in children with ADHD. Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 42, 673–683. Molina, B.S.G., Flory, K., Hinshaw, S.P., Greiner, A.R., Arnold, L.E., Swanson, J.M., et al. (2007). Delinquent behavior and emerging substance use in the MTA at 36 months: Prevalence, course, and treatment effects. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 46, 1028–1040. MTA Cooperative Group. (2004a). National Institute of Mental Health Multimodal Treatment Study of ADHD follow-up: 24 month outcomes of treatment strategies for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Pediatrics, 113, 754–761. MTA Cooperative Group. (2004b). National Institute of Mental Health Multimodal Treatment Study of ADHD follow-up: Changes in effectiveness and growth after the end of treatment. Pediatrics, 113, 762–769. Novak, S.P., Kroutil, L.A., William, R.L., & Van Brunt, D.L. (2007). The nonmedical use of prescription ADHD medication: Results from a national Internet panel. Substance Abuse Treatment, Prevention, and Policy, 2, 1–17. Overmeyer, S., & Taylor, E. (1999). Annotation: Principles of treatment for hyperkinetic disorder: Practice approaches for the UK. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 40, 1147–1157. Park, K., Verotta, D., Gupta, S.K., & Sheiner, L.B. (1998). Use of pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic model to design an optimal dose input profile. Journal of Pharmacokinetics and Biopharmacology, 26, 471–492. Pelham, W.E., Aronoff, H.R., Midlam, J.K., Shapiro, C.J., Gnagy, E.M., Chronis, A.M., Onyango, A.N., Forehand, G., Nguyen, A., & Waxmonsky, J. (1999). A comparison of Ritalin and Adderall: Efficacy and time-course in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Pediatrics, 103, 1–14. Pelham, W.E., Gnagy, E.M., Burrows-Maclean, L., Williams, A., Fabiano, G.A., Morrisey, S.M., Chronis, A.M., Forehand, G.L., Nguyen, C.A., Hoffman, M.T., Lock, T.M., Fielbelkorn, K., Coles, E.K., Panahon, C.J., Steiner, R.L., Meichenbaum, D.L., Onyango, A.N., & &Morse, G.D. (2001). Once-a-day Concerta methylphenidate versus three-times-daily methylphenidate in laboratory and natural settings. Pediatrics, 107, 1–15. Rothman, D.J., & Chimonas, S. (2008). New developments in managing physician–industry relationships. Journal of the American Medical Association, 300, 1067–1069. Safer, D.J., & Krager, J.M. (1988). A survey of medication treatment for hyperactive/inattentive students. Journal of the American Medical Association, 260, 2256–2258. Sahakian, B., & Morein-Zamir, S. (2007). Professor's little helper. Nature Publishing Group, 450, 1157–1159. Santosh, P.J., Taylor, E., Swanson, J., Wigal, T., Chuang, S., Davies, M., et al. (2005). Refining the diagnosis of inattention and overactivity disorders: Reanalysis of the Multimodal Treatment Study of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) based on ICD-10 criteria for hyper kinetic disorder (HD). Clinical Neuroscience Research, 5, 307–314. Satterfield, J.H., Faller, K.J., Crinella, F.M., Schell, A.M., Swanson, J.M., & Homer, L.D. (2007). A 30-year prospective follow-up study of hyperactive boys with conduct problems: Adult criminality. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 46, 601–609. Schachar, R., Ickowicz, A., Crosbie, J., Donnelly, G.A.E., Reiz, J.L., Miceli, P.C., Harsanyi, Z., & Darke, A.C. (2008). Cognitive and behavioral effect of multilayer-release methylphenidate in the treatment of children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychopharmacology, 18, 11–24. Solanto, M.V. (1998). Neuropsychopharmacological mechanisms of stimulant drug action in attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder: A review and integration. Behavioral Brain Research, 94, 127–152. Spencer, T., Biederman, J., Harding, M., O'Donnell, D., Faraone, S.V., & Wilens, T.E. (1996). Growth deficits in ADHD children revisited: evidence for disorder-associated growth delays? J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry, 35, 1460–1469. Swanson, J.M., Gupta, S., Lam, A., Shoulson, I., Lerner, M., Modi, N., Lindemulder, E., & Wigal, S. (2003). Development of a new once-a-day formulation of methylphenidate for the treatment of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: Proof-of-concept and proof-of-product studies. Archives of General Psychiatry, 60, 204–211. Swanson, J.M., McBurnett, K., Wigal, T., Pfiffner, L.J., Lerner, M.A., Williams, L., Christian, D., Tamm, L., Willcutt, E., Crowley, K., Clevenger, W., Khouzam, N., Woo, C., Crinella, F.M., & Fisher, T.D. (1993). Effect of stimulant medication on children with attention deficit disorder: A "Review of Reviews". Exceptional Children, 60, 154–162. Swanson, J., Wigal, S., Greenhill, L., Browne, R., Waslik, B., Lerner, M., Williams, L., Flynn, D., Agler, D., Crowley, K., Fineberg, E., Baren, M., & Cantwell, D. (1998). Analog classroom assessment of Adderall in children with ADHD. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry, 37, 519–526. Swanson, J.M. (2004). Flawed attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder medication comparison: In reply. Pediatrics, 114, 1132–1133. Swanson, J.M., Elliott, G.R., Greenhill, L.L., Wigal, T., Arnold, L.E., Vitiello, B., et al. (2007a). Effects of stimulant medication on growth rates across 3 years in the MTA follow-up. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 46, 1015–1027. Swanson, J.M., Hinshaw, S.P., Arnold, L.E., Gibbons, R., Marcus, S., Hur, K., et al. (2007b). Secondary evaluations of MTA 36-month outcomes: Propensity score and growth mixture model analyses. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 46, 1002–1013. Swanson, J.M., Agler, D., Flynn, D., Guinta, D., Gupta, S., Lerner, M., Shoulson, I., Wigal, S., & Williams, L. (1999). Acute tolerance to methylphenidate in the treatment of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in children. Clinical Pharmacology Therapy, 66, 295–305. Swanson, J.M., Arnold, L.E., Kraemer, H., Hechtman, L., Molina, B., Hinshaw, S., et al. (2008a). Evidence, interpretation, and qualification from multiple reports of long-term outcomes in the Multimodal Treatment Study of Children with ADHD (MTA): Part I: Executive study. Journal of Attentional Disorders, 12, 4–14. Swanson, J.M., Arnold, L.E., Kraemer, H., Hechtman, L., Molina, B., Hinshaw, S., et al. (2008b). Evidence, interpretation, and qualification from multiple reports of long-term outcomes in the Multimodal Treatment Study of Children with ADHD (MTA): Part II: Supporting details. Journal of Attentional Disorders, 12, 15–43. Swanson, J.M., Greenhill, L.L., Lopez, F.A., Sedillo, A., Earl, C.Q., Jiang, J.G., & Biederman, J. (2006). Modafinil film-coated tablets in children and adolescents with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: Results of a randomized double-blind, placebo-controlled, fixed-dose study followed by abrupt discontinuation. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 67, 137–147. Swanson, J.M., Wigal, S.B., Wigal, T., Sonuga-Barke, E., Greenhill, L.L., Biederman, J., Kollins, S., Nguyen, A.S., DeCory, H.H., Hirshey-Dirksen, S.J., Hatch, S.J., & COMACS Study Group. (2004). comparison of once-daily extended-release methylphenidate formulations in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in the laboratory school (The Comacs Study). Pediatrics, 113, 206–216. Swanson, J.M., & Volkow, N.D. (2008). Increasing use of stimulants warns of potential abuse. Nature, 453, 586. Taylor, E. (1979). The use of drugs in hyperkinetic states: Clinical issues. Neuropharmacology, 18, 951–958. Taylor, E., Döpfner, M., Sergeant, J., Asherson, P., Banaschewski, T., Buitelaar, J, et al. (2004). European clinical guidelines for hyperkinetic disorder – first upgrade. European Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 13(Suppl. 1), 1–30. Taylor, E., Schachar, R., Thorley, G., Wieselberg, H.M., Everitt, B., & Rutter, M. (1977). Which boys respond to stimulant medication? A controlled trial of methylphenidate in boys with disruptive behavior. Psychosomatic Medicine, 17, 121–143. Teter, C.J., McCabe, S.E., LaGrange, K., Cranford, J.A., & Boyd, C.J. (2006). Illicit use of specific prescription stimulants among college students: Prevalence, motives and routes of administration. Pharmacotherapy, 26, 1501–1510. Tulloch, S.J., Zhang, Y., McLean, A., & Wolf, K.N. (2002). SLI381 (Adderall XR), a two-component, extended-release formulation of mixed amphetamine salts. Pharmacotherapy, 22, 1405–1415. Volkow, N.D., Ding, Y.S., Fowler, J.S., Wang, G.J., Logan, J., Gatley, J.S., et al. (1995). Is methylphenidate like cocaine? Studies on their pharmacokinetics and distribution in the human brain. Archives of General Psychiatry, 52, 456–463. Volkow, N.D., Ding, Y-S., Fowler, J.S., Gatley, J.S., Logan, J., Ding, Y-S., et al. (1998). Dopamine transporter occupancies in the human brain induced by therapeutic doses of oral methylphenidate. American Journal of Psychiatry, 155, 1325–1331. Volkow, N.D., Ding, Y-S., Fowler, J.S., Logan, J., Franceschi, D., Maynard, L., et al. (2002). Relationship between blockade of dopamine transporters by oral methylphenidate and the increases in extracellular dopamine therapeutic implications. Synapse, 43, 181–187. Volkow, N.D., & Swanson, J.M. (2008a). Basic neuropsychopharmacology. In M. Rutter (Ed.), Rutter's child and adolescent psychiatry (5th edn). Oxford: Blackwell. Volkow, N.D., & Swanson, J.M. (2003). Variables that affect the clinical use and abuse of methylphenidate in the treatment of ADHD. American Journal of Psychiatry, 160, 1909–1918. Volkow, N.D., & Swanson, J.M. (2007b). The action of enhancers can lead to addiction – Comment on Sahakian and Morein-Zamir, 2007, Nature, 450, 1157–1158. Nature, 451, 520. Volkow, N.D., Wang, G.J., Newcorn, J., Fowler, J.S., Telang, F., Solanto, M.V., Logan, J., Wong, C., Ma, Y., Swanson, J.M., Schulz, K., & Pradhan, K. (2007a). Brain dopamine transporter levels in treatment and drug naïve adults with ADHD. NeuroImage, 34, 1182–1190. Weiss, G., Werry, J.S., Minde, K., Douglas, V.L., & Sykes, D. (1968). Studies on the hyperactive child V: The effects of dextroamphetamine and chlorpromazine on behavior and intellectual functioning. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 9, 145–156. Wender, P.H. (1971). Minimal brain dysfunction in children. New York: Wiley-Interscience. Wilens, T.E., Adler, L.A., Adams, J., Sgambati, S., Rotrosen, J., Sawtelle, R., Utzinger, L., & Fusillo, S. (2008). Misuse and diversion of stimulants prescribed for ADHD: A systemic review of the literature. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 47, 21–31. Wilens, T.E., Biederman, J., Faraone, S.V., & Gunawardene, S. (2003). Does stimulant therapy of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder beget later substance abuse? A meta-analytic review of the literature. Pediatrics, 111, 179–185. Wolraich, M.L., Greenhill, L.L., Pelham, W., Swanson, J., Wilens, T., Palumbo, D., Atkins, M., McBurnett, K., Bukstein, O., & August, G. (2001). Randomized, controlled trial of OROS methylphenidate once a day in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Pediatrics, 108, 883–892. Zito, J.M., Safer, D.J., DosReis, S., Gardner, J.F., Magder, L., Soeken, K., Boles, M., Lynch, F., & Riddle, M.A. (2003). Psychotropic practice pattern for youth: A 10 year perspective. Archives of Pediatric Adolescent Medicine, 157, 17–25. Citing Literature Volume50, Issue1-2January/February 2009Pages 180-193 ReferencesRelatedInformation

Referência(s)