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Flat Cutaneous Xanthomatosis

1960; American Medical Association; Volume: 82; Issue: 1 Linguagem: Inglês

10.1001/archderm.1960.01580010007001

1538-3652

William K. Stewart,

Autoimmune and Inflammatory Disorders

Xanthomas were divided into hypercholesterolemic and normocholesterolemic forms by Thannhauser and Magendantz. 1 This subdivision, founded on serum biochemical determinations, has remained for 21 years the standard classification of xanthomatous lesions. By contrast, chemical analysis of the affected tissue, particularly in the normocholesterolemic group, has been curiously neglected. In xanthoma disseminatum, Hand-Schüller-Christian disease, Letterer-Siwe disease, and eosinophilic granuloma of bone, the serum-lipid levels are normal. The last three are now generally accepted as variants of a single pathological process which Lichtenstein 2 referred to as "Histiocytosis X." A variety of other all-embracing names for this entity has been suggested, including eosinophilic granuloma syndrome, 3 "Letterer-Christian" disease, 4 histiocytic type of reticuloendotheliosis, 5 and granulomatous reticuloendotheliosis. 6 Other possibly related conditions are juvenile xanthoma and McDonagh's 7 naevoxanthoendothelioma which Polano 8 and Nomland 9 regard as separate entities. On the other hand, Thannhauser, 3 Crocker 10 and Calnan 11 consider them to be similar to