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First Report of Pseudomonas viridiflava Causing Pith Necrosis of Tomato ( Solanum lycopersicum ) in Serbia

2015; American Phytopathological Society; Volume: 99; Issue: 7 Linguagem: Inglês

10.1094/pdis-01-15-0052-pdn

1943-7692

Tatjana Popović, Žarko Ivanović, Maja Ignjatov,

Plant Pathogens and Fungal Diseases

HomePlant DiseaseVol. 99, No. 7First Report of Pseudomonas viridiflava Causing Pith Necrosis of Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) in Serbia PreviousNext DISEASE NOTES OPENOpen Access licenseFirst Report of Pseudomonas viridiflava Causing Pith Necrosis of Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) in SerbiaT. Popović, Ž. Ivanović, and M. IgnjatovT. PopovićSearch for more papers by this author, Ž. IvanovićSearch for more papers by this author, and M. IgnjatovSearch for more papers by this authorAffiliationsAuthors and Affiliations T. Popović Ž. Ivanović , Institute for Plant Protection and Environment, Teodora Drajzera 9, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; and M. Ignjatov , Institute for Field and Vegetable Crops, Maksima Gorkog 30, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia. Published Online:3 Jun 2015https://doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-01-15-0052-PDNAboutSections ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack Citations ShareShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditEmailWechat During summer 2014, pith necrosis of greenhouse tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) was observed in Leskovac, in the south of Serbia. Tomato production in that region accounts for 1,000 ha of greenhouses, which is the half of the total production in Serbia. Disease symptoms included general wilting of mature tomato plants, brown discoloration, necrosis, and hollowing of the pith. The fruits were free from symptoms. Disease was observed in seven surveyed commercial greenhouses, with incidence ranging from 10 to 25%. Small (3 × 3 mm) samples were taken from the margins of necrotic tissues in the pith of seven symptomatic, surface-disinfected tomato plants with ethyl alcohol 70% (w/v). Samples were macerated in phosphate buffer saline (0.01M, Na2HPO4 - NaH2PO4 and 0.8% NaCl, pH 7.2), then streaked onto King’s B agar medium (KB) and incubated at 27°C for 48 h. Fluorescent Pseudomonas colonies were consistently recovered. According to the LOPAT test 16 selected gram-negative strains (Pv1-13, Pv20-22) were levan negative, oxidase negative, positive for pectolitic activity (determined by their ability to induce potato soft rot), arginine dihydrolase negative, and positive for hypersensitive reaction on tobacco leaves. This profile matches Pseudomonas viridiflava, a group II member of the LOPAT determinative scheme (Lelliott et al. 1966). All strains showed oxidative metabolism of glucose, hydrolyzed gelatin, were positive for catalase, and grew at 4°C but not at 37°C. A PCR assay for the gyrB housekeeping gene sequence generated with primers GyrB-F and GyrB-R (Sarkar and Guttman 2004) was used to further characterize four selected strains (Pv9, Pv12, Pv13, and Pv22). DNA was extracted from bacterial suspensions containing approximately 106 CFU/ml (48-h-old culture grown on KB) prepared in 500 µl of molecular grade water by heating at 100°C for 4 min. Sequences were deposited in the NCBI GenBank database under accession nos. KP330573, KP330574, KP330575, and KP330576. BLAST analysis showed highest nucleotide sequence identity, 99%, with P. viridiflava strain BC2506 (HM190235) and lower identity 96% with P. viridiflava reference strains CFBP 1590 and NCPPB 635, JN190411 and HM190239, respectively. Pathogenicity tests were performed by injecting a bacterial suspension (107 CFU/ml) of a 48-h culture grown in KB using a sterile syringe into the stem of tomato plants (cvs. Matias, Melodia) at the 3- to 5-leaf stage (Aysan et al. 2004). Plants inoculated with sterilized distilled water were used as negative controls. Three tomato plants of each cultivar were inoculated with each of four strains (Pv9, Pv12, Pv13, and Pv22). Inoculated plants were incubated at 25°C and 80% relative humidity for 2 weeks. At the point of inoculation, small, dark brown lesions were observed 7 days after inoculation on both cultivars. Negative control plants were symptomless. Bacterial colonies were reisolated from lesions of all plants tested and confirmed to be the same as the original strains following the LOPAT scheme. Bacteria were not isolated from negative control plants. Based on test results, all strains were identified as P. viridiflava. Pith necrosis of tomato has been reported in Italy, Greece, Bulgaria, Turkey, and the Republic of Macedonia. This is the first report of P. viridiflava as a causal agent of pith necrosis of greenhouse tomato in Serbia. Because a different bacterial species has been reported to cause similar symptoms on tomato and it is impossible to distinguish them based on symptoms, this work clearly demonstrated that P. viridiflava is the dominant species causing pith necrosis in the Leskovac region where tomato is traditionally grown in greenhouses.References:Aysan, Y., et al. 2004. Phytoparasitica 32:146. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02979780 Crossref, ISI, Google ScholarLelliott, R. A., et al. 1966. J. Appl. Bacteriol. 29:470. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2672.1966.tb03499.x Crossref, Google ScholarSarkar, S. F., and Guttman, D. S. 2004. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 70:1999. https://doi.org/10.1128/AEM.70.4.1999-2012.2004 Crossref, ISI, Google ScholarDetailsFiguresLiterature CitedRelated Vol. 99, No. 7 July 2015SubscribeISSN:0191-2917e-ISSN:1943-7692 Metrics Article History Issue Date: 7 Jul 2015Published: 3 Jun 2015First Look: 24 Feb 2015Accepted: 15 Feb 2015 Pages: 1033-1033 Information© 2015 The American Phytopathological SocietyCited byBiochemical Diversity, Pathogenicity and Phylogenetic Analysis of Pseudomonas viridiflava from Bean and Weeds in Northern Spain29 July 2022 | Microorganisms, Vol. 10, No. 8Mersin ili Silifke ilçesi domates seralarında görülen bakteriyel hastalıkların surveyi ve yaygınlıklarının belirlenmesi8 April 2022 | Mustafa Kemal Üniversitesi Tarım Bilimleri Dergisi, Vol. 27, No. 1Pseudomonas viridiflava (bacterial leaf blight of tomato)CABI Compendium, Vol. CABI CompendiumIĞDIR’ DA DOMATES (Solanum lycopersicon L.)’ TE HASTALIĞA NEDEN OLAN BAKTERİLERİN İZOLASYONU VE TANISI26 December 2021 | Journal of AgricultureOccurrence of the Bacterial Rot Caused by Pseudomonas viridiflava in Atractylodes macrocephala and Selection of BactericidesThe Korean Journal of Pesticide Science, Vol. 23, No. 4