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A soluble receptor for interleukin-1β encoded by vaccinia virus: A novel mechanism of virus modulation of the host response to infection

1992; Cell Press; Volume: 71; Issue: 1 Linguagem: Inglês

10.1016/0092-8674(92)90274-g

1097-4172

Antonio Alcamı́, Geoffrey L. Smith,

Virus-based gene therapy research

Abstract Vaccinia virus gene B15R is shown to encode an abundant, secretory glycoprotein that functions as a soluble interleukin-1 (IL-1) receptor. This IL-1 receptor has novel specificity since, in contrast with cellular counterparts, it binds only IL-1β and not IL-1α or the natural competitor IL-1 receptor antagonist. The vaccinia IL-1β receptor is secreted when expressed in a baculovirus system and competitively inhibited binding of IL-1β to the natural receptor on T cells. Deletion of B15R from vaccinia virus accelerated the appearance of symptoms of illness and mortality in intranasally infected mice, suggesting that the blockade of IL-1β by vaccinia virus can diminish the systemic acute phase response to infection and modulate the severity of the disease. The IL-1β binding activity is present in other orthopoxviruses.