Configuring ‘country ownership’: patterns of donor-recipient relations
2013; Taylor & Francis; Volume: 23; Issue: 8 Linguagem: Inglês
10.1080/09614524.2013.841862
ISSN1364-9213
Autores Tópico(s)African Studies and Ethnography
ResumoAbstractGiven the proliferation in the number and type of development actors and an expressed desire by donors to engage them in a more meaningful way, this article identifies multiple ways in which 'country ownership' is manifested in practice. Through comparative case research, this article examines the involvement of five sets of actors in: problem identification, resource administration, programme design, implementation, and governance. Three donor-recipient relationship patterns emerge: 'doctor knows best', 'empowered patient', and 'it takes a village', each with specific conditions but overall underrepresentation of recipient country actors, suggesting that their involvement could take place more often than currently occurs.Configurer l'« appropriation par les pays » : schémas des rapports bailleurs de fonds-récipiendairesAu vu de la prolifération du nombre et des types d'acteurs de développement et du désir exprimé par les bailleurs de fonds d'intervenir de manières plus significatives, cet article identifie des manières multiples dont se manifeste l'« appropriation par les pays » dans la pratique. À travers des recherches comparatives sur des cas particuliers, j'examine le rôle joué par cinq ensembles d'acteurs dans : l'identification des problèmes, l'administration des ressources, la conception des programmes, la mise en œuvre et la gouvernance. Trois schémas des rapports bailleurs de fonds-récipiendaires se sont dégagés : « le docteur a toujours raison », « le patient autonomisé » et « il faut tout un village », chacun doté de conditions précises, mais avec dans l'ensemble une sous-représentation des acteurs des pays récipiendaires, ce qui suggère que leur participation pourrait avoir lieu plus souvent que ce n'est le cas à l'heure actuelle.Configurando la "apropiación nacional": patrones de relaciones entre donantes y destinatariosTomando en cuenta la proliferación numérica y el tipo de actores participantes en el desarrollo, así como el deseo expresado por los donantes de relacionarse con éstos de manera más profunda, el presente artículo señala las distintas maneras en que la "apropiación nacional" se manifiesta en la práctica. A través de investigaciones realizadas por medio de comparación de casos, la autora analiza la participación de cinco conjuntos de actores en materia de identificación de problemas, de gestión de recursos, de diseño de programas, de implementación y de gobierno. Identifica tres patrones de relación entre donantes y destinatarios: "el médico lo sabe todo", "el paciente empoderado" y "hace falta una aldea", cada uno con sus condicionantes específicos. Sin embargo, en general, los mismos adolecen de la baja representatividad de los actores en el país destinatario, lo cual apunta a que éstos deberían participar con una frecuencia mayor que aquella con la que actualmente lo hacen.Configurando a "propriedade de país": modelos de relações de doador-recebedorDada a proliferação no número e tipo de agentes de desenvolvimento e uma vontade expressa dos doadores de engajarem-se de maneira mais significativa, este artigo identifica várias maneiras pelas quais a "propriedade de país" é manifestada na prática. Através de pesquisa de caso comparativa, eu examino o envolvimento de cinco conjuntos de agentes: identificação de problema, administração de recursos, montagem de programa, implementação e governança. Três modelos de relação doador-recebedor surgiram: "o doutor sabe mais", "paciente empoderado" e "é preciso uma aldeia inteira", cada um com condições específicas, mas no geral com sub-representação de agentes do país recebedor, sugerindo que seu envolvimento poderia ocorrer de maneira mais frequente do que ocorre atualmente.Key Words: Civil society – PartnershipParticipationNGOsAid – Capacity developmentSocial sector – HealthLatin America and the Caribbean AcknowledgementsThis research was supported by a Thomas Francis, Jr. Global Health Fellowship from the University of Washington. The author would like to thank Mary Kay Gugerty, Sanjeev Khagram and Peter May for providing valuable comments. Special thanks to Joe Zunt, the School of Public Health and Administration Unit of Epidemiology, STI and HIV at Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Ministry of Health General Office of International Collaboration, Peruvian Agency for International Cooperation and each of the interviewees for sharing their insights and expertise.Notes1. Here I use the term local to refer to non-foreign entities, actors, and organisations that are based in the recipient country. These actors may operate at a municipal, regional, or national level. I distinguish NGOs from civil society associations, characterising the latter as comprised predominantly, if not exclusively, of members from distinct population groups (e.g. PLWAs, or lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender communities), with fewer external sources of funding and professionally trained, paid staff than NGOs.2. Compared to many countries receiving development assistance, Peru is classified as having relatively stable institutions (Freedom House Citation2010; Kaufmann, Kraay, and Mastruzzi Citation2010), which should increase donor willingness to engage local actors. With sustained economic growth since 2002, a per capita GNI of US$4,630 and a Gini Index of 48.1 in 2010, (World Bank Citation2011), Peru does not lie at either extreme of the developing country continuum. It is neither a highly indebted poor country embroiled in civil conflict and struggling to provide basic necessities to the majority of its population, nor is it a large, upper-middle income G20 member country like Brazil or Mexico. Its trends in the Human Development Index closely parallel trends in the average HDI for Latin America and the Caribbean (United Nations Development Programme Citation2011).As such, Peru's profile suggests that development assistance, particularly if structured in a way to maximise country ownership, could help catalyse their economic transition to achieve sustainable gains in human development. Peru's latest Millennium Development Goal scorecard confirms the yet-unrealised potential for this transformation, demonstrating mixed results across indicators, with the country classified as "on-track" to achieve universal primary education and gender equality goals, considered to be "possible to achieve" extreme poverty and hunger, child mortality, and maternal health goals, but "off-track" to meet infectious disease control and environmental sustainability targets (United Nations Development Programme Citation2007).Additional informationThe authorAnne L. Buffardi conducted this work while a doctoral candidate at the University of Washington Evans School of Public Affairs. Her research focuses on international development and global health policy, and NGO involvement in advocacy. She is currently works for Oxfam International.
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