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The genetic prehistory of the New World Arctic

2014; American Association for the Advancement of Science; Volume: 345; Issue: 6200 Linguagem: Inglês

10.1126/science.1255832

1095-9203

Maanasa Raghavan, Michael DeGiorgio, Anders Albrechtsen, Ida Moltke, Pontus Skoglund, Thorfinn Sand Korneliussen, Bjarne Grønnow, Martin Appelt, Hans Christian Gulløv, T. Max Friesen, William W. Fitzhugh, Helena Malmström, Simon Rasmussen, Jesper Olsen, Linea Cecilie Melchior, Benjamin T. Fuller, Simon Fahrni, Thomas W. Stafford, Vaughan Grimes, M. A. P. Renouf, Jerome S. Cybulski, Niels Lynnerup, Marta Mìrazón Lahr, Kate Britton, Rick Knecht, Jette Arneborg, Mait Metspalu, Omar E. Cornejo, Anna‐Sapfo Malaspinas, Yong Wang, Morten Rasmussen, Vibha Raghavan, Thomas van Overeem Hansen, Э. К. Хуснутдинова, Tracey L. Pierre, Kirill A. Dneprovsky, Claus Andreasen, Hans Lange, M. Geoffrey Hayes, Joan Brenner Coltrain, Spitsyn Va, Anders Götherström, Ludovic Orlando, Toomas Kivisild, Richard Villems, Michael H. Crawford, Finn Cilius Nielsen, J. Dissing, Jan Heinemeier, Morten Meldgaard, Carlos D. Bustamante, Dennis H. O’Rourke, Mattias Jakobsson, M. Thomas P. Gilbert, Rasmus Nielsen, Eske Willerslev,

Archaeology and ancient environmental studies

The New World Arctic, the last region of the Americas to be populated by humans, has a relatively well-researched archaeology, but an understanding of its genetic history is lacking. We present genome-wide sequence data from ancient and present-day humans from Greenland, Arctic Canada, Alaska, Aleutian Islands, and Siberia. We show that Paleo-Eskimos (~3000 BCE to 1300 CE) represent a migration pulse into the Americas independent of both Native American and Inuit expansions. Furthermore, the genetic continuity characterizing the Paleo-Eskimo period was interrupted by the arrival of a new population, representing the ancestors of present-day Inuit, with evidence of past gene flow between these lineages. Despite periodic abandonment of major Arctic regions, a single Paleo-Eskimo metapopulation likely survived in near-isolation for more than 4000 years, only to vanish around 700 years ago.