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The wisconsin epidemiological study of diabetic retinopathy: A review

1989; Wiley; Volume: 5; Issue: 7 Linguagem: Inglês

10.1002/dmr.5610050703

1099-0895

Ronald Klein, Ronald Klein, Scot E. Moss,

Glaucoma and retinal disorders

Diabetes/Metabolism ReviewsVolume 5, Issue 7 p. 559-570 Article The wisconsin epidemiological study of diabetic retinopathy: A review Ronald Klein, Corresponding Author Ronald Klein Department of Ophthalmology, University of Wisconsin, School of Medicine, Madison, Wisconsin 53792Department of Ophthalmology, 600 Highland Avenue, Madison, WI 53792Search for more papers by this authorBarbara E. K. Klein, Barbara E. K. Klein Department of Ophthalmology, University of Wisconsin, School of Medicine, Madison, Wisconsin 53792Search for more papers by this authorScot E. Moss, Scot E. Moss Department of Ophthalmology, University of Wisconsin, School of Medicine, Madison, Wisconsin 53792Search for more papers by this author Ronald Klein, Corresponding Author Ronald Klein Department of Ophthalmology, University of Wisconsin, School of Medicine, Madison, Wisconsin 53792Department of Ophthalmology, 600 Highland Avenue, Madison, WI 53792Search for more papers by this authorBarbara E. K. Klein, Barbara E. K. Klein Department of Ophthalmology, University of Wisconsin, School of Medicine, Madison, Wisconsin 53792Search for more papers by this authorScot E. Moss, Scot E. Moss Department of Ophthalmology, University of Wisconsin, School of Medicine, Madison, Wisconsin 53792Search for more papers by this author First published: November 1989 https://doi.org/10.1002/dmr.5610050703Citations: 119AboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onEmailFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat References 1 Davidson MB: The continually changing natural history of diabetes mellitus. J Chron Dis 34: 5–10, 1981. 2 Klein R, and Klein BEK: Vision disorders in diabetes. In Diabetes in America. R Hamman, MWH Harris, Eds. National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 1983, U.S. Public Health Service NIH Pub. No. 85–1468, Vol. 13 pp. 1–36. 3 Klein R: Retinopathy and other ocular complications in diabetes. In Diabetes Mellitus. Management and Complication. JM Olefsky, RS Sherwin, Eds. Churchill Livingstone, New York, 1985, pp 101–158. 4 Diabetic Retinopathy Study Group: Photocoagulation treatment of proliferative diabetic retinopathy: Clinical application of Diabetic Retinopathy Study (DRS) findings. DRS Report No. 8. Ophthalmology 88: 583–600, 1981. 5 ETDRS Research Group: Photocoagulation for diabetic macular edema. Arch Ophthalmol 103: 1796–1806, 1985. 6 DRVS Research Group: Two-year course of visual acuity in severe proliferative diabetic retinopathy with conventional management of diabetic retinopathy. Diabetic Retinopathy Vitrectomy Study (DRVS) Report No. 1. Ophthalmology 92: 492–502, 1985. 7 National Diabetes Advisory Board: Eye Complications in Progress and in Diabetes Research. Report of the Second National Conference on Diabetes, Reston, Virginia. National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 1984, NIH, Pub. No. 84–661. 8 Klein R, Klein BEK, Moss SE, et al.: Prevalence of diabetes mellitus in southern Wisconsin. Am J Epidemiol 119: 54–61, 1984. 9 Klein R, Klein BEK, Moss SE, et al.: The Wisconsin Epidemiologic Study of Diabetic Retinopathy. II. Prevalence and risk of diabetic retinopathy when age at diagnosis is less than 30 years. Arch Ophthalmol 102: 520–526, 1984. 10 Klein R, Klein BEK, Moss SE, et al.: The Wisconsin Epidemiologic Study of Diabetic Retinopathy. III. Prevalence and risk of diabetic retinopathy when age at diagnosis is 30 or more years. Arch Ophthalmol 102: 527–532, 1984. 11 Klein R, Klein BEK, Moss SE, et al.: The Wisconsin Epidemiologic Study of Diabetic Retinopathy. IX. Four-year incidence and progression of diabetic retinopathy when age at diagnosis is less than 30 years. Arch Ophthalmol 107: 237–243, 1989. 12 Klein R, Klein BEK, Moss SE, et al.: The Wisconsin Epidemiologic Study of Diabetic Retinopathy. X. Four-year incidence and progression of diabetic retinopathy when age at diagnosis is 30 years or more. Arch Ophthalmol 107: 244–249, 1989. 13 Hypertension Detection and Follow-up Program Cooperative Group: The hypertension detection and follow-up program. Prev Med 5: 207–215, 1976. 14 Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study: Manual of Operations. Baltimore, Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine. U.S. Department of Commerce, Washington, D.C., 1985, Chaps. 12 and 18. 15 Isolab: Quick-Step, Fast Hemoglobin Test System. Isolab, Akron, Ohio, 1981, pp 1–8. 16 Klein BEK, Davis MD, Segal P, et al.: Diabetic retinopathy: Assessment of severity and progression. Ophthalmology 91: 10–17, 1984. 17 Nilsson SE, Nilsson JE, Frostberg N, et al.: The Kristianstad Survey II. Acta Med Scand 469 (suppl): 1–42, 1967. 18 Dorf A, Ballintine EJ, Bennett PH, et al.: Retinopathy in Pima Indians. Relationships to glucose level, duration of diabetes, age at diagnosis of diabetes, and age at examination in a population with a high prevalence of diabetes mellitus. Diabetes 25: 554–560, 1976. 19 Bennett PH, Rushforth NB, Miller M, et al.: Epidemiologic studies of diabetes in the Pima Indians. Recent Prog Horm Res 32: 333–376, 1976. 20 Kahn HA, Leibowitz HM, Ganley JP, et al.: The Framingham Eye Study. I. Outline and major prevalence findings. 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Acta Med Scand 212: 277–280, 1982. 27 Danielsen R, Helgason T, and Jonasson F: Prognostic factors and retinopathy in Type I diabetics in Iceland. Acta Med Scand 213: 323–326, 1983. 28 Constable IJ, Knuiman MW, Welborn TA, et al.: Assessing the risk of diabetic retinopathy. Am J Ophthalmol 97: 53–61, 1984. 29 Knuiman MW, Welborn TA, McCann VJ, et al.: Prevalence of diabetic complications in relation to risk factors. Diabetes 35: 1332–1339, 1986. 30 Sjolle AK: Ocular complications in insulin treated diabetes mellitus. An epidemiological study. Acta Ophthalmol 172 (suppl): 1–72, 1985. 31 Nielsen NV: Diabetic retinopathy. I. The course of retinopathy in insulin-treated diabetics. A one-year epidemiological cohort study of diabetes mellitus. The island of Falster, Denmark. Acta Ophthalmol 62: 256–265, 1984. 32 Nielsen NV: Diabetic retinopathy. II. The course of retinopathy in diabetics treated with oral hypoglycemic agents and diet regime alone. A one year epidemiological cohort study of diabetes mellitus. The island of Falster, Denmark. Acta Ophthalmol 62: 266–273, 1984. 33 Teuscher A, Schnell H, and Wilson PWF: Incidence of diabetic retinopathy and relationship to baseline plasma glucose and blood pressure. Diabetes Care 11: 246–251, 1988. 34 Haffner SM, Fong D, Stern MP, et al.: Diabetic retinopathy in Mexican Americans and non-Hispanic whites. Diabetes 37: 878–884, 1988. 35 Jerneld B: Prevalence of diabetic retinopathy. Acta Scand Ophthalmol 188 (suppl): 3–32, 1988. 36 Haffner SM, Mitchell BD, Moss SE, et al.: Is there an ethnic difference in the effect of risk factors for diabetic retinopathy. Submitted for publication. 37 Klein R, Davis MD, Moss SE, et al.: The Wisconsin Epidemiologic Study of Diabetic Retinopathy: A comparison of retinopathy in younger and older onset diabetic persons. In Comparison of Type I and II Diabetes. M Vranic, C Hollenberg, G Steiner, Ed. Plenum, New York, 1985, pp 321–335. 38 Klein R, Klein BEK, Moss SE, et al.: Retinopathy in younger onset diabetic patients. Diabetes Care 8: 311–315, 1985. 39 Sizonenko P: Endocrinology in preadolescents and adolescents. I. Hormonal changes during normal puberty. Am J Dis Child 132: 704–712, 1978. 40 Williamson JR, Rowold E, Chang K, et al.: Sex steroid dependency of diabetes induced changes in polyol metabolism, vascular permeability and collagen cross-linking. Diabetes 35: 20–27, 1986. 41 Peters GFFM, Smals AGH, Kloppenborg PWC: Defective suppression of growth hormone after glucose loading in adolescence. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 51: 265–270, 1980. 42 Blethen SL, Sargeant DT, Whitlow MG, et al.: Effect of pubertal stage and recent blood glucose control on plasma somatomedin C in children with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. Diabetes 30: 868–872, 1981. 43 Klein R, Klein BEK, Moss SE, et al.: Blood pressure and hypertension in diabetes. Am J Epidemiol 22: 75–89, 1985. 44 Klein R, Klein BEK, and Davis MD: Is cigarette smoking associated with diabetic retinopathy? Am J Epidemiol 118: 228–238, 1983. 45 Klein BEK, Klein R, and Moss SE: Is aspirin usage associated with diabetic retinopathy? Diabetes Care 10: 495–499, 1987. 46 Klein BEK, and Klein R: Gravidity and diabetic retinopathy. Am J Epidemiol 119: 564–569, 1984. 47 Klein R, Moss SE, Klein BEK, et al.: The relation of ocular and systemic factors to survival in diabetes. Arch Int Med 149: 266–272, 1989. 48 Burditt AF, Caird FI, and Draper GJ: The natural history of diabetic retinopathy. Quart J Med, New Series 37: 303–317, 1968. 49 Krolewski AF, Warram JH, Rand LI, et al.: Risk of proliferative diabetic retinopathy in juvenile onset Type I diabetes: A 40-year follow-up study. Diabetes Care 9: 443–452, 1986. 50 Anderson AR, Christiansen JS, Anderson JK, et al.: Diabetic nephropathy in Type I (insulin dependent) diabetes: An epidemiological study. Diabetologia 25: 496–501, 1983. 51 Borch-Johnsen K, and Kreiner S: Proteinuria: Value as predictor of cardiovascular mortality in insulin dependent diabetes mellitus. Br Med J 294: 1651–1654, 1987. 52 Winocour PH, Durrington PN, Ishola M, et al.: Influence of proteinuria on vascular disease, blood pressure, and lipoprotein in insulin dependent diabetes mellitus. Br Med J 294: 1648–1651, 1987. 53 Kohner EM, Aldington SJ, and Nugent Z: Retinopathy at entry in the United Kingdom Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS) of Maturity Onset Diabetes. Diabetes 36 (suppl 1): 42A, 1987. 54 Klein R, Klein BEK, Moss SE, et al.: Glycosylated hemoglobin predicts the incidence and progression of diabetic retinopathy. JAMA 260: 2864–2871, 1988. 55 Janka HU, Warram JH, Rand LI, et al.: Risk factors for progression of background retinopathy in longstanding IDDM. Diabetes 38: 460–464, 1989. 56 The Kroc Collaborative Study Group: Blood glucose control and the evolution of diabetic retinopathy and albuminuria: A preliminary multi-center trial. N Engl J Med 311: 365–372, 1984. 57 The Kroc Collaborative Study Group: Diabetic retinopathy after two years of intensified insulin treatment: Follow-up of The Kroc Collaborative Study. JAMA 260: 37–41, 1988. 58 Lauritzen T, Frost-Larsen K, Larsen HW, et al.: Effect of one year of near-normal blood glucose levels on retinopathy in insulin-dependent diabetics. Lancet 1: 200–204, 1983. 59 Lauritzen T, Frost-Larsen K, Larsen HW, et al.: Two-year experience with continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion in relation to retinopathy and neuropathy. Diabetes 34 (suppl 3): 74–79, 1985. 60 Dahl-Jorgensen K, Brinchmann-Hansen O, Hansen KF, et al.: Rapid tightening of blood glucose control leads to transient deterioration of retinopathy in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus: The Oslo Study. Br Med J 290: 811–815, 1985. 61 Dahl-Jorgensen K, Hansen KF, Brinchmann-Hansen O, et al.: What happens to the retina as diabetic control is tightened? Lancet 1: 652–653, 1983. 62 Beck-Nielsen H, Rickelsen B, Morgensen CE, et al.: Effect of insulin pump treatment for one year on renal function and retinal morphology in patients with IDDM. Diabetes Care 8: 585–589, 1985. 63 University Group Diabetes Program: A study of the effects of hypoglycemic agents on vascular complications in patients with adult-onset diabetes. Diabetes 5 (suppl 31): 1–81, 1982. 64 The DCCT Research Group: The Diabetes Control and Complications Trial (DCCT): Design and methodologic considerations for the feasibility phase. Diabetes 35: 530–545, 1986. 65 The DCCT Research Group: Diabetes Control and Complications Trial (DCCT): Results of feasibility study. Diabetes Care 10: 1–19, 1987. 66 VA Cooperative Study #344: Glycemic Control and Complications in Noninsulin-Dependent Diabetes Mellitus. A Feasibility Study. Protocol Manual, 1988. 67 Witkin SR, and Klein R: Ophthalmologic care for persons with diabetes mellitus. JAMA 251: 2534–2537, 1984. 68 Klein R, Klein BEK, Moss SE, et al.: The Wisconsin Epidemiologic Study of Diabetic Retinopathy: VI. Retinal photocoagulation. Ophthalmology 94: 747–753, 1987. 69 Klein R, Moss SE, Klein BEK, et al.: The Wisconsin Epidemiologic Study of Diabetic Retinopathy: VIII. The incidence of retinal photocoagulation. J Diabetic Complications 2: 79–87, 1988. 70 Klein R, Moss SE, and Klein BEK: New management concepts for timely diagnosis of diabetic retinopathy treatable by photocoagulation. Diabetes Care 10: 633–638, 1987. 71 Klein R, Klein BEK, Moss SE, et al.: The validity of a survey question to study diabetic retinopathy. Am J Epidemiol 124: 104–110, 1986. 72 Sussman EJ, Tsiaras WG, and Soper KA: Diagnosis of diabetic eye disease. JAMA 247: 3231–3234, 1982. 73 Herman WH: Public health strategies: Program development, implementation and evaluation. In Proc Ann Centers for Disease Control Conf 8th, 1985. 74 Marnell NM: A descriptive analysis of health practices and beliefs related to eye diseases. Diabetic retinopathy health care delivery screening compliance review. Master's Thesis, University of Georgia, Atlanta 1988, pp 1–97. Citing Literature Volume5, Issue7November 1989Pages 559-570 ReferencesRelatedInformation