Mutability changes in Drosophila melanogaster populations of Europe, Asia, and North America and probable mutability changes in human populations of the U.S.S.R..
1982; Genetics Society of Japan; Volume: 57; Issue: 2 Linguagem: Inglês
10.1266/jjg.57.171
ISSN1880-5787
Autores Tópico(s)Genetic diversity and population structure
ResumoMutability changes in Drosophila populationsStudies of mutation rate changes in man were preceeded by studies on spontaneous mutation rates in geographically isolated populations and in laboratory stocks of Drosophila melanogaster.Twenty-three populations were under observation from 1937from until 1941from , in 1944from , 1945from , 1946from , and from 1957from until 1974from .From 1975 the spontaneous mutation process is studied in Western populations namely, in one French population (Vermeil), in two local populations (subpopulations) near Madison (U.S.A.), in a laboratory stock of recent Sicilian origin (Archi, introduced in 1974), and in a virusfree stock (France, Champetiere, introduced in 1969) .Since 1977 the cytology of mutant flies and of flies with chromosome rearrangements has been studied by R. Kreber at the University of Wisconsin.Since 1976, I have collaborated with N. Plus (National Institute of Agronomy, Saint-Christol-Les-Ales, France) to study correlations between mutability properties and (1) the presence of virus C, (2) resistance against pathogenic Drosophila viruses, and (3) resistance against insecticides.Two periods of high mutability were observed in the U.S.S.R., 1937-1946 and 1967-1974.The rise and the fall of mutation rate occurred simultaneously in geographically isolated populations.One and the same loci became hot spots in populations located thousands of miles apart (Berg et al. 1941; Berg 1942b Berg , 1944aBerg , 1961Berg , 1966 Berg , 1972a Berg , b, 1974a, b;, b; Berg and Davidenkov 1972;Golubovsky et al. 1974)."Old" laboratory tester and wild type stocks, bred for decades in captivity, are not involved into these mutability fluctuations.The rise of mutability is 3-5-fold on the average for the total number of visible and the number of lethal mutations.However, at some loci with unusually high mutation frequencies (hotspot loci) the rise is a hundred fold (Berg et al. 1941;Berg 1961 Berg ,1974a, b), b).In contrast to the total mutation rate changes, which are global, the specific loci that are hotspots may vary from place to place.This maens that spectra of arising mutations, although similar for most loci may differ (Berg 1942b(Berg , 1974b)).The Western populations and stocks of flies recently introduced into the
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