Portal de Periódicos da CAPES

Antibody Effector Mechanisms in Myasthenia Gravis: The Complement Hypothesis a

1998; Wiley; Volume: 841; Issue: 1 Linguagem: Inglês

10.1111/j.1749-6632.1998.tb10962.x

1749-6632

David P. Richman, Mark Agius, Christine A. Kirvan, Christopher M. Gómez, Robert H. Fairclough, Bonita L. DuPont, Ricardo A. Maselli,

Autoimmune Neurological Disorders and Treatments

Annals of the New York Academy of SciencesVolume 841, Issue 1 p. 450-465 Antibody Effector Mechanisms in Myasthenia Gravis: The Complement Hypothesisa DAVID P. RICHMAN, DAVID P. RICHMAN Department of Neurology and Center for Neuroscience; University of California, Davis; Davis, California 95616Search for more papers by this authorMARK A. AGIUS, MARK A. AGIUS Department of Neurology and Center for Neuroscience; University of California, Davis; Davis, California 95616Search for more papers by this authorCHRISTINE A. KIRVAN, CHRISTINE A. KIRVAN Department of Neurology and Center for Neuroscience; University of California, Davis; Davis, California 95616 Recipient of a Viets Fellowship from the Myasthenia Gravis Foundation.Search for more papers by this authorCHRISTOPHER M. GOMEZ, CHRISTOPHER M. GOMEZ Department of Neurology; University of Minnesota; Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455Search for more papers by this authorROBERT H. FAIRCLOUGH, ROBERT H. FAIRCLOUGH Department of Neurology and Center for Neuroscience; University of California, Davis; Davis, California 95616Search for more papers by this authorBONITA L. DUPONT, BONITA L. DUPONT Department of Neurology and Center for Neuroscience; University of California, Davis; Davis, California 95616 Recipient of an Osserman Fellowship from the Myasthenia Gravis Foundation.Search for more papers by this authorRICARDO A. MASELLI, RICARDO A. MASELLI Department of Neurology and Center for Neuroscience; University of California, Davis; Davis, California 95616Search for more papers by this author DAVID P. RICHMAN, DAVID P. RICHMAN Department of Neurology and Center for Neuroscience; University of California, Davis; Davis, California 95616Search for more papers by this authorMARK A. AGIUS, MARK A. AGIUS Department of Neurology and Center for Neuroscience; University of California, Davis; Davis, California 95616Search for more papers by this authorCHRISTINE A. KIRVAN, CHRISTINE A. KIRVAN Department of Neurology and Center for Neuroscience; University of California, Davis; Davis, California 95616 Recipient of a Viets Fellowship from the Myasthenia Gravis Foundation.Search for more papers by this authorCHRISTOPHER M. GOMEZ, CHRISTOPHER M. GOMEZ Department of Neurology; University of Minnesota; Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455Search for more papers by this authorROBERT H. FAIRCLOUGH, ROBERT H. FAIRCLOUGH Department of Neurology and Center for Neuroscience; University of California, Davis; Davis, California 95616Search for more papers by this authorBONITA L. DUPONT, BONITA L. DUPONT Department of Neurology and Center for Neuroscience; University of California, Davis; Davis, California 95616 Recipient of an Osserman Fellowship from the Myasthenia Gravis Foundation.Search for more papers by this authorRICARDO A. MASELLI, RICARDO A. MASELLI Department of Neurology and Center for Neuroscience; University of California, Davis; Davis, California 95616Search for more papers by this author First published: 07 February 2006 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.1998.tb10962.xCitations: 12 a This work was supported in part by grants from the National Institutes of Health (Nos. NS15462, NS19779, NS24304, and NS01226) and the Muscular Dystrophy Association. Read the full textAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onEmailFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat REFERENCES 1 Patrick, J. & J. Lindstrom. 1973. Autoimmune response to acetylcholine receptor. Science 180: 871–872. 2 Drachman, D. B., 1994. Myasthenia gravis. N. Engl. J. Med. 330: 1797–1810. 3 Richman, D. P., & M. A. Agius. 1994. Acquired myasthenia gravis: immunopathology. Neurol. Clin. North Am. 12: 273–284. 4 Lennon, V. A., J. M. Lindstrom & M. E. Seybold. 1975. Experimental autoimmune myasthenia gravis (EAMG): a model of myasthenia gravis in rats and guinea pigs. J. Exp. Med. 141: 1365–1375. 5 Abramsky, O., A. Aharonov, D. Teitelbaum et al. 1975. Myasthenia gravis and acetylcholine receptor: effect of steroids in clinical course and cellular immune response to acetylcholine receptor. Arch. Neurol. 32: 684–687. 6 Richman, D. P., J. Patrick & B. G. W. Arnason. 1976. Cellular immunity in myasthenia gravis: response to purified acetylcholine receptor and autologous thymocytes. N. Engl. J. Med. 294: 694–698. 7 Hohlfeld, R., I. Kalies, B. Kohleisen, K. Heininger, B. Conti-Tronconi & K. Toyka. 1986. Myasthenia gravis: stimulation of antireceptor autoantibodies by autoreactive T cell lines. Neurology 36: 618–621. 8 Protti, M. P., A. A. Manfredi, C. Straub, J. F. J. Howard & B. M. Conti-Tronconi. 1990. CD4+ T cell response to the human acetylcholine receptor alpha subunit in myasthenia gravis: a study with synthetic peptides. J. Immunol. 144: 1276–1281. 9 Nakano, S. & A. G. Engel. 1993. Myasthenia gravis: quantitative immunocytochemical analysis of inflammatory cells and detection of membrane attack complex at the endplate in 30 patients. Neurology 43: 1167–1172. 10 Conti-Tronconi, B. M., et al. 1994. The nicotinic acetylcholine receptor: struconti aronconi autoimmune pathology. Crit. Rev. Biochem. Mol. Biol. 29: 69–123. 11 Zheng, G., B. Xiao, M. Bakhiet, P. Meide, H. Wigzell, H. Link & T. Olsson. 1996. Both CD4+ and CD8+ T cells are essential to induce experimental autoimmune myasthenia gravis. J. Exp. Med. 184: 349. 12 Ahlberg, R. et al. 1994. Treatment of myasthenia gravis with anti-CD4+ antibody: improvement correlates to decreased T-cell autoreactivity. Neurology 44: 1732–1737. 13 Karlin, A. & M. Akabas. 1995. Toward a structural basis for the function of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors and their cousins. Neuron 15: 1231–1244. 14 Tzartos, S., M. Seybold & J. Lindstrom. 1982. Specificity of antibodies to acetylcholine receptors in sera from myasthenia gravis patients measured by monoclonal antibodies. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 79: 188–192. 15 Tzartos, S., M. Cung, P. Demange, H. Loutrari, A. Mamalaki, M. Marraud, I. Papadouii, C. Sakarellos & V. Tsikaris. 1991. The main immunogenic region (MIR) of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor and the anti-MIR antibodies. Mol. Neurobiol. 5: 1–29. 16 Lennon, V. A., & G. E. Griesmann. 1989. Evidence against acetylcholine receptor having a main immunogenic region as target for autoantibodies in myasthenia gravis. Neurology 39: 1069–1076. 17 Yokoi, T., B. Mulac-Jericevic, J. Kurisaki & M. Z. Atassi. 1987. T lymphocyte recognition of acetylcholine receptor: localization of the full T cell recognition profile on the extracellular part of the α chain of Torpedo californica acetylcholine receptor. Eur. J. Immunol. 17: 1697. 18 Bellone, M., N. Ostlie, S. Lei & B. M. Conti-Tronconi. 1991. Experimental myasthenia gravis in congenic mice: sequence mapping and H-2 restriction of T helper epitopes on the α subunits of Torpedo californica and murine acetylcholine receptors. Eur. J. Immunol. 21: 2303. 19 Shenov, M., E. Goluszko & P. Christadoss. 1994. The pathogenic role of acetylcholine receptor alpha chain epitope within alpha 146–162 in the development of experimental autoimmune myasthenia gravis in C57BL6 mice. Clin. Immunol. Immunopathol. 73: 338–343. 20 Protti, M. P., et al. 1993. Myasthenia gravis: recognition of a human autoantigen at the molecular level. Immunol. Today 14: 363–368. 21 Dorrington, K. J., 1985. The functional differentiation of the Fc region of immunoglobulin G. Ann. Inst. Pasteur Immunol. 136C: 260–263. 22 Duncan, A. R., & G. Winter. 1988. The binding site for Clq on IgG. Nature 332: 738–740. 23 Canfield, S. M., & S. L. Morrison. 1991. The binding affinity of human IgG for its high affinity Fc receptor is determined by multiple amino acids in the CH2 domain and is modulated by the hinge region. J. Exp. Med. 173: 1483–1491. 24 Lund, J., J. D. Pound, P. T. Jones, A. R. Duncan, T. Bentley, M. Goodall, B. A. Levine, R. Jefferis & G. Winter. 1992. Multiple binding sites on the CH2 domain of IgG for mouse FcγRII. Mol. Immunol. 29: 53–59. 25 Xu, Y., R. Oomen & M. H. Klein. 1994. Residue at position 331 in the IgG1 and IgG4 CH2 domains contributes to their differential ability to bind and activate complement. J. Biol. Chem. 269: 3469–3474. 26 Morgan, A., N. D. Jones, A. M. Nesbitt, L. Chaplin, M. W. Bodmer & J. S. Emtage. 1995. The N-terminal end of the CH2 domain of chimeric human IgG1 nti-HLA-DR is necessary for Clq, Fc gamma RI, and Fc gamma RIII binding. Immunology 86: 319–324. 27 Ward, E. S., & V. Ghetie. 1995. The effector functions of immunoglobulins: implications for therapy. Ther. Immunol. 2: 77–94. 28 Miletic, V. D., & M. M. Frank. 1995. Complement-immunoglobulin interactions. Curr. Opin. Immunol. 7: 41–47. 29 Lund, J., G. Winter, P. T. Jones, J. D. Pound, T. Tanaka, M. R. Walker, P. J. Artymiuk, Y. Arata, D. R. Burton, R. Jefferis & J. J. Woof. 1991. Human FcγRI and FcγRII interact with distinct but overlapping sites on human IgG1. J. Immunol. 147: 2657–2662. 30 Michaelsen, T. E., A. Aase, L. Norderhaug & I. Sandlie. 1992. Antibody dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity induced by chimeric mouse-human IgG subclasses and IgG3 antibodies with altered hinge region. Mol. Immunol. 29: 319–326. 31 Van Goor, H., G. Ding, D. Kees-Folts, J. Grond, G. F. Schreiner & J. R. Diamond. 1994. Macrophages and renal disease. Lab. Invest. 71: 456–464. 32 Lindstrom, J., D. Shelton & Y. Fujii. 1988. Myasthenia gravis. Adv. Immunol. 12: 233–284. 33 Engel, A. G., & G. Fumagalli. 1982. Mechanisms of acetylcholine receptor loss from the neuromuscular junction. Ciba Found. Symp. 90: 197–224. 34 Engel, A. G., 1980. Morphological and immunopathological findings in myasthenia gravis and congenital myasthenic syndromes. J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry 43: 577. 35 Lindstrom, J. M., A. G. Engel, M. E. Seybold, V. A. Lennon & E. Lambert. 1976. Pathological mechanisms in experimental autoimmune myasthenia in rats with anti-acetylcholine receptor antibodies. J. Exp. Med. 144: 739. 36 Bevan, S., R. W. Kuhlberg & S. F. Heinemann. 1977. Human myasthenia sera reduce acetylcholine sensitivity of human muscle cells in tissue culture. Nature 276: 262. 37 Gomez, C. M., & D. P. Richman. 1983. Anti-acetylcholine receptor antibodies directed against the α-bungarotoxin binding site induce a unique form of experimental myasthenia. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 80: 4089–4093. 38 Drachman, D. B., R. N. Adams, L. F. Josifek & S. G. Self. 1982. Functional activities of auto-antibodies to acetylcholine receptors and the clinical severity of myasthenia gravis. N. Engl. J. Med. 307: 769. 39 Pachner, A. R., 1989. Anti-acetylcholine receptor antibodies block bungarotoxin binding to native human acetylcholine receptor on the surface of TE671 cells. Neurology 39: 1057–1061. 40 Mihovilovic, M., D. Donnelly-Roberts, D. P. Richman & M. Martinez-Carrion. 1994. Pathogenesis of hyperacute experimental autoimmune myasthenia gravis. J. Immunol. 152: 5997–6002. 41 Kao, I. & D. Drachman. 1977. Myasthenic immunoglobulin accelerates acetylcholine receptor degradation. Science 196: 526. 42 Lennon, V. A., et al. 1975. Experimental autoimmune myasthenia gravis (EAMG): a model of myasthenia gravis in rats and guinea pigs. J. Exp. Med. 141: 1365. 43 Sohashi, K., A. Engel, J. Lindstrom & E. Lambert. 1978. Ultrastructural localization of immune complexes at the endplate in experimental autoimmune myasthenia gravis. J. Neuropathol. 37: 212. 44 Gomez, C. M., D. P. Richman, P. W. Berman et al. 1979. Monoclonal antibodies against purified nicotinic acetylcholine receptor. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 88: 575–582. 45 Lennon, V. A., & E. H. Lambert. 1980. Myasthenia gravis induced by monoclonal antibodies to acetylcholine receptors. Nature 285: 238. 46 Moshly-Rosen, D., S. Fuchs & Z. Esbhar. 1979. Monoclonal antibodies against defined determinants of acetylcholine receptor. FEBS Lett. 106: 389. 47 Richman, D. P., C. M. Gomez, P. W. Berman et al. 1980. Monoclonal anti-acetylcholine receptor antibodies can cause experimental myasthenia. Nature 286: 738. 48 Gomez, C. M., R. L. Wollmann & D. P. Richman. 1984. Induction of the morphologic changes of both acute and chronic experimental myasthenia by monoclonal antibody directed against acetylcholine receptor. Acta Neuropathol. 63: 131–143. 49 Lennon, V., M. Seybold, J. Lindstrom et al. 1978. Role of complement in the pathogenesis of experimental autoimmune myasthenia gravis. J. Exp. Med. 147: 973–983. 50 Christadoss, P. 1988. C5 gene influences the development of murine myasthenia gravis. J. Immunol. 140: 2589–2592. 51 Biesecker, G. & C. M. Gomez. 1989. Inhibition of acute passive transfer experimental autoimmune myasthenia gravis with Fab antibody to complement C6. J. Immunol. 142: 2654–2659. 52 Dupont, B. L., & D. P. Richman. 1987. Complement activation by anti-acetylcholine receptor monoclonal antibody in vitro correlates with potency of EAMG response in vivo. Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci. 505: 725–727. 53 Maselli, R. A., D. P. Richman & R. L. Wollmann. 1991. Inflammation at the neuromuscular junction in myasthenia gravis. Neurology 41: 1497–1504. 54 Loutrari, H., A. Kokla & S. J. Tzartos. 1992. Passive transfer of experimental myasthenia gravis via antigenic modulation of acetylcholine receptor. Eur. J. Immunol. 22: 2449–2452. 55 Tzartos, S. J., & J. M. Lindstrom. 1980. Monoclonal antibodies used to probe acetylcholine receptor structure: localization of the main immunogenic region and detection of similarities between subunits. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 77: 755. 56 Lennon, V. A., & E. H. Lambert. 1980. Myasthenia gravis induced by monoclonal antibodies to acetylcholine receptors. Nature 285: 238. 57 Buzzard, E. F., 1905. The clinical history and post-mortem examination of five cases of myasthenia gravis. Brain 28: 438. 58 Lisak, R. P. & R. L. Barchi. 1982. In Myasthenia Gravis, p. 97–98. Saunders. Philadelphia. 59 Russell, D. S., 1953. Histological changes in the stripped muscles in myasthenia gravis. J. Pathol. Bacteriol. 65: 279–289. 60 Pascuzzi, R. M., & J. F. Campa. 1988. Lymphorrhage localized to the muscle end-plate in myasthenia gravis. Arch. Pathol. Lab. Med. 112: 934–937. 61 Corey, A. L., D. P. Richman, C. A. Schuman, C. M. Gomez & B. G. W. Arnason. 1985. Use of monoclonal antiacetylcholine receptor antibodies to investigate the macrophage inflammation of acute experimental myasthenia gravis: refractoriness to a second episode of acute disease. Neurology 35: 1455–1460. 62 Corey, A. L., D. P. Richman, R. L. Wollmann & M. A. Agius. 1987. Refractoriness to a second episode of experimental myasthenia gravis: correlation with acetylcholine receptor concentration and morphologic appearance of the post-synaptic membrane. J. Immunol. 138: 3269–3275. 63 Richman, D. P., R. L. Wollmann, R. A. Maselli, C. M. Gomez, A. L. Corey, M. A. Agius & R. H. Fairclough. 1993. Effector mechanisms of myasthenic antibodies. Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci. 681: 264–273. 64 Gomez, C. M., D. P. Richman, S. A. Burres & B. G. W. Arnason. 1981. Monoclonal hybridoma anti-acetylcholine receptor antibodies: antibody specificity and effect of passive transfer. Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci. 377: 97–109. 65 Dupont, B. L., G. M. Twaddle & D. P. Richman. 1987. Suppression of passive transfer acute experimental myasthenia by F(ab′)2 fragments. J. Neuroimmunol. 16: 47. 66 Kirvan, C. A., S. Zhu, D. P. Richman & M. A. Agius. 1998. Expression and initial characterization of recombinant antiacetylcholine receptor antibodies in experimental autoimmune myasthenia gravis. This volume. 67 Aguis, M. A., B. Sanyal & D. P. Richman. 1993. Molecular structure of a monoclonal antiacetylcholine receptor antibody and of a corresponding monoclonal antiidiotopic antibody. Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci. 681: 274–275. Citing Literature Volume841, Issue1MYASTHENIA GRAVIS AND RELATED DISEASES: DISORDERS OF THE NEUROMUSCULAR JUNCTIONMay 1998Pages 450-465 ReferencesRelatedInformation