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Estrogen-mediated Regulation of Igf1 Transcription and Uterine Growth Involves Direct Binding of Estrogen Receptor α to Estrogen-responsive Elements

2009; Elsevier BV; Volume: 285; Issue: 4 Linguagem: Inglês

10.1074/jbc.m109.043471

1083-351X

Sylvia C. Hewitt, Li Yin, Leping Li, Kenneth S. Korach,

Estrogen and related hormone effects

Estrogen enables uterine proliferation, which depends on synthesis of the IGF1 growth factor. This proliferation and IGF1 synthesis requires the estrogen receptor (ER), which binds directly to target DNA sequences (estrogen-responsive elements or EREs), or interacts with other transcription factors, such as AP1, to impact transcription. We observe neither uterine growth nor an increase in Igf1 transcript in a mouse with a DNA-binding mutated ERα (KIKO), indicating that both Igf1 regulation and uterine proliferation require the DNA binding function of the ER. We identified several potential EREs in the Igf1 gene, and chromatin immunoprecipitation analysis revealed ERα binding to these EREs in wild type but not KIKO chromatin. STAT5 is also reported to regulate Igf1; uterine Stat5a transcript is increased by estradiol (E2), but not in KIKO or αERKO uteri, indicating ERα- and ERE-dependent regulation. ERα binds to a potential Stat5a ERE. We hypothesize that E2 increases Stat5a transcript through ERE binding; that ERα, either alone or together with STAT5, then acts to increase Igf1 transcription; and that the resulting lack of IGF1 impairs KIKO uterine growth. Treatment with exogenous IGF1, alone or in combination with E2, induces proliferation in wild type but not KIKO uteri, indicating that IGF1 replacement does not rescue the KIKO proliferative response. Together, these observations suggest in contrast to previous in vitro studies of IGF-1 regulation involving AP1 motifs that direct ERα-DNA interaction is required to increase Igf1 transcription. Additionally, full ERα function is needed to mediate other cellular signals of the growth factor for uterine growth. Estrogen enables uterine proliferation, which depends on synthesis of the IGF1 growth factor. This proliferation and IGF1 synthesis requires the estrogen receptor (ER), which binds directly to target DNA sequences (estrogen-responsive elements or EREs), or interacts with other transcription factors, such as AP1, to impact transcription. We observe neither uterine growth nor an increase in Igf1 transcript in a mouse with a DNA-binding mutated ERα (KIKO), indicating that both Igf1 regulation and uterine proliferation require the DNA binding function of the ER. We identified several potential EREs in the Igf1 gene, and chromatin immunoprecipitation analysis revealed ERα binding to these EREs in wild type but not KIKO chromatin. STAT5 is also reported to regulate Igf1; uterine Stat5a transcript is increased by estradiol (E2), but not in KIKO or αERKO uteri, indicating ERα- and ERE-dependent regulation. ERα binds to a potential Stat5a ERE. We hypothesize that E2 increases Stat5a transcript through ERE binding; that ERα, either alone or together with STAT5, then acts to increase Igf1 transcription; and that the resulting lack of IGF1 impairs KIKO uterine growth. Treatment with exogenous IGF1, alone or in combination with E2, induces proliferation in wild type but not KIKO uteri, indicating that IGF1 replacement does not rescue the KIKO proliferative response. Together, these observations suggest in contrast to previous in vitro studies of IGF-1 regulation involving AP1 motifs that direct ERα-DNA interaction is required to increase Igf1 transcription. Additionally, full ERα function is needed to mediate other cellular signals of the growth factor for uterine growth.