Portal de Periódicos da CAPES

Eleanor Roosevelt and the National and World Woman's Parties

1996; Taylor & Francis; Volume: 59; Issue: 1 Linguagem: Inglês

10.1111/j.1540-6563.1996.tb00983.x

1540-6563

Paula F. Pfeffer,

Anarchism and Radical Politics

Click to increase image sizeClick to decrease image size Notes1. Eleanor Roosevelt (hereafter cited as ER) to Rose Schneiderman, copy to Frances Perkins, 11 February 1944, Eleanor Roosevelt Papers, Franklin D. Roosevelt Library (hereafter cited as ER/FDRL); Frances Perkins Papers, Columbia University Rare Book and Manuscript Libraries (hereafter cited as Perkins Papers, Columbia).2. Jean Bethke Elshtain, “Eleanor Roosevelt As Activist and Thinker: The Lady, The Life of Duty,”Halcyon 8 (1986): 96–97; Eleanor Roosevelt, If You Ask Me (New York, 1946), 142; see also Joseph P. Lash, Love, Eleanor: Eleanor Roosevelt and Her Friends (Garden City, N.Y., 1982), 307.3. Theda Skocpol, Protecting Soldiers and Mothers: The Political Origins of Social Poky in the United States (Cambridge, Mass., 1992), 373–74, 34.4. Joseph P. Lash, Eleanor and Franklin (New York, 1971), 352–410; Robyn Muncy, Creating a Female Dominion in American Reform 1890–1935 (New York, 1991), 155–56.5. “Miss Paul's Speech Seconding Mrs. Belrnont's Resolution,” n.d. [17 November 1923], National Woman's Party Papers (hereafter cited as NWP Papers), ser. 1 (microfilm, Northwestern University).6. See Burnita Shelton Matthews, “Women Should Have Equal Rights With Men: A Reply,”Equal Rights, 29 May 1926, 125–27, NWP Papers, ser. 5; Ronald L. Filippelli, Labor in the USA: A History (New York, 1984), 152–54.7. See Paula F. Pfeffer, ‘A Whisper in the Assembly of Nations:’ United States' Participation in the International Movement for Women's Rights from the League of Nations to the United Nations, Women's Studies International Forum 8 (November 1985): 459–71; Mary Anderson to Mary Van Kleeck, 26 January 1926, Mary Anderson Papers, Schlesinger Library, Radcliffe College; Josephine Goldmark, “Mrs. Kelley Opposes the Woman's Party,” chap. 15 in Impatient Crusader; Florence Kelley's Life Story (Urbana, Ill., 1953); Crystal Eastman. “Equality or Protection?”Equal Rights, 15 March 1924, 37, NWP Papers, ser. 5.8. See letters written by ER to NWP members on behalf of Smith, August 1928, NWP Papers, ser. 1; Lash, Eleanor and Franklin; Blanche Wiesen Cook, Eleanor Roosevelt, vol. 1,1884–1933 (New York, 1992); Eleanor Roosevelt, The Autobiography of Eleanor Roosevelt (New York, 1961), 197.9. June Sochen, Movers and Shakers: American Women Thinkers and Activists 1900–1970 (New York, 1973), 161; Susan Ware, Beyond Suffrage, Women in the New Deal (Cambridge, Mass., 1981), 16; ER to My Dear Mrs. Winter, 28 February 1939, ER/FDRL; ER, Autobiography, 133.10. Jane Norman Smith to Dear Miss Paul, 26 March 1933. NWP Papers, ser. 1; Helena Hill Weed, “The New Deal That Women Want,”Current History 41 (November 1934): 179.11. See E. H. Swenson to Dear Madame, and penciled note thereon, 2 April 1935, ER/FDRL; Lillian Dame Morey to My dear Mrs. Roosevelt and penciled note thereon, 20 January 1934, ER/FDRL; Lois Scharf, To Work and To Wed: Female Employment, Feminism, and the Great Depression (Westport, Conn., 1980), x, 38, 134; Lois Scharf, “'The Forgotten Woman': Working Women, The New Deal, and Women's Organizations,” in Decades of Discontent: The Women's Movement, 1920–1940, ed. Lois Scharf and Joan M. Jensen (Westport, Conn., 1983). 243–59; ER, “Should Wives Work?”Good Housekeeping, December 1937, 211–12; Maurine Beasley, ed., The White House Press Conferences of Eleanor Roosevelt (New York, 1983), 52–54; ER, My Days (New York, 1938), 163–64.12. New York Times (hereafter cited as NYT, 11 August 1933; Frances Perkins to Mrs. Florence Bayard Hilles, 17 August 1933, NWP Papers, ser. 1.13. NYT, 12 August 1933; NYT, 17 August 1933.14. Florence Bayard Hilles to Honorable Frances Perkins, 15 August 1933, NWP Papers, ser. 1.15. Statement of the National League of Women Voters of the United States by Miss Belle Sherwin, 27 May 1926, NWP Papers, ser. 1; Jane Norman Smith to Alice Paul, 27 May 1926, NWP Papers, ser. 1; see also Crystal Eastman, “The Great Rejection: Part I,”Equal Rights, 19 June 1926,149–50, NWP Papers, ser. 5; Alice Paul, “Women Demand Equality in World Code of Law,”Congressional Digest 9 (November 1930): 279.16. Doris Stevens, “Feminist History Was Made at Havana,”Equal Rights, 3 March 1928, 29, NWP Papers, ser. 5.17. “Doris Stevens Heads Pan‐American Women's Committee,”Equal Rights, 14 April 1928, 77, NWP Papers, ser. 5; Report of Work Done by Committee on International Action of the National Woman's Party, US.A., at Pan‐American Conference on Behalf of Rights of Women, 21 February 1928, NWP Papers, ser. 1; see also Pfeffer, “'A Whisper in the Assembly of Nations,”' 459–71; Muna Lee, “The Inter‐American Commission of Women—A New International Venture,”Pan‐American Magazine 42 (October 1929): 105–14; “How Laws of Foreign Countries Effected Nationality of Married Women,”Congressional Digest 9 (November 1930): 283–87; Dr. James Brown Scott, “Work of The Hague Conference Analyzed,”Congressional Digest 9 (November 1930): 275–78; David Hunter Miller, “America's Participation in the First Conference for the Codification of International Law—Conference Procedure Described,”Congressional Digest 9 (November 1930): 269–72; David Hunter Miller, “The Hague Codification Conference,”American Journal of International Law 24 (October 1930): 681; “Progressive Codification of International Law. Observations of Governments on the Recommendations of The Hague Conference March—April, 1930,”League of Nations Documents, Official Journal, reel 24, September 1931, 1766–73 (microfilm, Northeastern Illinois University, Chicago); Richard W. Flournoy, Jr., “Codification and the Nationality of Married Women and Children,”Congressional Digest 9 (November 1930): 273.18. James Brown Scott, “Conflict and Victory,”Equal Rights, 13 January 1934, 387–90; Equal Rights, 20 January 1934, 398–400; see AKW [Anna Kelton Wiley] to Alice Paul, 22 September 1930, NWP Papers, ser. 1; Paraphrase of telegram from Hull, 9 December 1933, FDRL, Official File (hereafter cited as OF) 567; Under Secretary of State to My Dear Mr. President, 12 December 1933, OF 567.19. Memorandim [sic] to: The Secretary From: Miss Abbott, 19 December 1933, FDRL, OF 66; Memorandum For: Mrs. Roosevelt From: Grace Abbott, 27 December 1933, ER/FDRL.20. NYT, 27 December 1933; Press Release, National League of Women Voters, 14 December 1933, ER/FDRL.21. Press Release, National League of Women Voters, 14 December 1933, ER/FDRL.22. “Equal Nationality Rights For Women”,' New Republic, 21 December 1933 and 27 December 1933.23. Unsigned and undated [12/20/33 handwritten], FDRL, OF 567; Scott, “Conflict and Victory,”Equal Rights, 13 January 1934, 389–90, and 20 January 1934, 398–400, NWP Papers, ser. 5; SPB [Sophinisba P. Breckinridge] to Judge Florence Allen, 9 April 1934, Breckinridge Family Papers, Box #751, Library of Congress Manuscript Collection.24. Memorandum for Mrs. Roosevelt From Mary N. Winslow, 13 December 1938, ER/FDRL.25. Ibid.26. Ibid.27. “Civil and Political Rights of Women,” n.d. [December 1938], ER/FDRL; Unsigned to Sheila Murrell, 17 March 1939.28. Unsigned to Sheila Murrell, 17 March 1939.29. F.B.H. [Florence Bayard Hilles] to Dear Helen [Hunt West], 6 February 1939, NWP Papers, ser. 1; Mary N. Winslow to My dear Mrs. Roosevelt, 14 February 1938, ER/FDRL.30. Ibid.31. Frank R. Kent, “The Great Game of Politics,”Los Angeles Times, 22 February 1939, ER/FDRL; ER to My dear Mrs. Winter, 28 February 1939, ER/FDRL.32. Beasley, ed., Press Conferences, 88.33. Memorandum for Mrs. Roosevelt From Mary N. Winslow, 13 December 1938; Dorothy S. McAllister to Mrs. Franklin D. Roosevelt, telegram, 9 July 1940, ER/FDRL; “The Dangers of The Equal Rights Amendment,” WTUL flyer, February 1944, ER/FDRL; “Mrs. Roosevelt's statement regarding the position of the National Woman's Party on Equality”, emphasis in original, n.d. [1940], in NWP Papers, ser. 1.34. See Mary E. Woolley to Dear Mrs. Roosevelt, 7 February 1944, ER/FDRL; Statement found in ER/FDRL; ER to Dear Mrs. Newman, 11 October 1943, copy in NWP Papers, ser. 1; ER to Miss Helen Alfred, 15 June 1944; ER to Mr. Frank McKnight, 30 December 1944, ER/FDRL; “Mrs. Roosevelt's statement regarding the position of the National Woman's Party on Equality”, all from NWP Papers, ser. 1.35. Ruby Black, Eleanor Roosevelt, A Biography (New York, 1940), 149.36. ER to Dear Mrs. Miller, 29 January 1944, NWP Papers, ser. 1; ER, “Women Have Come A Long Way,”Harpers Magazine, October 1950, reprinted in Marie B. Hecht, Joan D. Berbrich, Sally A. Healey, and Clare M. Cooper, The Women, Yes! (New York, 1973), 179.37. ER to Miss Mary E. Woolley, 10 February 1944, ER/FDRL.38. Ibid.39. Anita Poker to Mrs. Eleanor Roosevelt, telegram, 18 January 1944; ER to Mrs. Anita Pollitzer, 20 January 1944; Malvina Thompson to Rose Schneiderman, 29 January 1944; Rose Schneiderman to Mrs. Franklin D. Roosevelt, telegram, 1 February 1944; Anita Pollitzer to Miss Malvina C. Thompson, 3 February 1944; Rose Schneiderman to Dearest Eleanor, 10 February 1944; ER to Miss Rose Schneiderman, copy to the Secretary of Labor, 11 February 1944; “Friends, Foes of Equal Rights for Women Get Hearing in First Lady's Apartment,” clipping; Rose Schneiderman to Mrs. Franklin D. Roosevelt, 17 February 1944, all in ER/FDRL.40. ER to Miss Rose Schneiderman, copy to the Secretary of Labor, 11 February 1944, ER/FDRL.41. Tamara K. Hareven, Eleanor Roosevelt; An American Conscience (Chicago, 1968), 190; Resolution found in Minutes from Biennial Convention National Woman's Party, 9 October 1938, NWP Papers, ser.1; form letter to “Dear Friend,” signed by Alice Paul, et al., 20 December 1938, NWP Papers, ser. 1.42. Unsigned to Mildred Seydell, 28 October 1938; Form letter to Dear Friend, signed by Alice Paul et al., 20 December 1938, NWP Papers, ser. 1; see also Pfeffer, “'A Whisper in the Assembly of Nations,”' 459–71; Alice Morgan Wright and Edith J. Goode to Hon. Edward R. Stettinius, Jr., 28 April 1945; Edith Goode to Alice Paul, 28 May 1945; Edith Goode to Alice Paul, 2 May 1945; Edith Goode to Alice Paul, 4 May 1945, all in NWP Papers, ser. 7.43. Quoted in Hareven, An American Conscience, 234.44. Amelia Himes Walker, Mission to First Assembly of the United Nations London‐January, February, 1946, NWP Papers, ser. 7; Emma Guffey Miller to Mrs. Eleanor Roosevelt, 16 May 1946; ER to My Dear Mrs. Miller, copy, 20 May 1946, both in NWP Papers.45. Equal Rights, July‐August 1946, 3, NWP Papers, ser. 5; Nora Stanton Barney to Mrs. Eleanor Roosevelt, 11 November 1946, NWP Papers, ser. 1.46. Equal Rights, July‐August 1946, 3, NWP Papers, ser. 5; “Equal Political Rights For Women; Resolution Adopted by the United Nations General Assembly,”United Nations Weekly Bulletin 1 (24 December 1946): 63; NYT, 12 December 1946.47. Virginia Freedom, “Equality Sought In The International Bill of Rights,”Equal Rights, May‐June 1947, 5–6; Virginia Starr, “Equality of Sexes Demanded of UN,”Equal Rights, May‐June 1947; Mamie Sidney Mizen, “An International Bill of Rights,”Equal Rights, September‐December 1947, both in NWP Papers, ser. 5.48. Joseph P. Lash, Eleanor: The Years Alone (New York, 1972). 317; Sochen, Movers and Shakers, 231–36; “Woman's Bureau Withdraws Opposition,”Equal Rights, October 1954, 4–5, NWP Papers, ser. 5.49. Ibid.50. ER, “Women Have Come a Long Way,” 180; Unsigned to Mrs. Eleanor Roosevelt, copy, 3 January 1937, NWP Papers, ser. 1; Ruth G. Williams to Mrs. Eleanor Roosevelt, 8 February 1944, ER/FDRL; see “An Open Letter to Mrs. Eleanor Roosevelt from Lillian Scott, President, Albuquerque Equal Rights” NWP, 6 August 1940, NWP Papers, ser. 1.51. NYT, 7 July 1933.52. Frances Perkins to Florence A. Armstrong, 10 July 1944, Frances Perkins Papers, Record Grp. No. 174, National Archives.53. William L. O'Neill, Everyone Was Brave: The Rise and Fall of Feminism in America (Chicago, 1969), 281–90; Nancy E Cott, “Feminist Politics in the 1920s: The National Woman's Party,”Journal of American History 71 (June 1984): 43–68; Unsigned to Mrs. Eleanor Roosevelt, copy, 3 January 1937, NWP Papers, ser. 1; Mrs. Cecil Norton Broy to Mrs. Eleanor Roosevelt, 7 August 1943, NWP Papers, ser. 1.54. ER, If You Ask Me, 110–11, 144.55. Muncy, Creating a Female Dominion, 88–92; see Ware, Beyond Suffrage, 130, 134–35.56. Mrs. Franklin D. Roosevelt, “Women in Politics,”Good Housekeeping, March 1940, 45–46, and April 1940, 45; Ware, Beyond Suffrage, 130, 134–35.