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Onset of Convection in a Layer of Water Formed by Melting Ice from Below

1968; AIP Publishing; Volume: 11; Issue: 6 Linguagem: Inglês

10.1063/1.1692096

2163-4998

Yin‐Chao Yen,

Material Dynamics and Properties

The onset of convection, or the critical Rayleigh number in a layer of water formed continuously by melting ice from below, has been determined experimentally. Homogeneous, bubble-free ice was prepared, and used in all the experiments. The critical Rayleigh number Rac for a fluid undergoing phase change and density inversion is not a single value but may be correlated empirically as a function of warm plate temperature T8 by Rac = 14 200 exp (−6.64 × 10−2T8). This relation is valid for T8 varying from 6.72-25.50°C. The initial ice sample temperature T0 was varied from −4.8 to −22.00°C. The effect of T0 was found to be insignificant.