Catharine Macaulay and the American Revolution
1993; Taylor & Francis; Volume: 56; Issue: 2 Linguagem: Inglês
10.1111/j.1540-6563.1994.tb01310.x
ISSN1540-6563
Autores Tópico(s)American Constitutional Law and Politics
ResumoClick to increase image sizeClick to decrease image size 1. Colin Bonwick, English Radicals and the American Revolution (Chapel Hill, 1977), 242–266. See also Barbara Brandon Schnorrenberg, ‘The Brood Hen of Faction: Mrs. Macaulay and Radical Politics, 1765–1775,”Albion 11, no. 1 (Spring 1979): 33–45; Robert Toohey, Liberty and Empire: British Radical Solutions to the American Revolution, 1774–1776 (Lexington, Ky., 1978), 81–90; John Sainsbury, Disaffected Patriots: London Supporters of Revolutionary America, 1769–1782 (Montreal, 1987).2. Alexander Stephens, Memoirs of John Horn Tooke (New York, 1968; reprint of 1813), 2:282–283; Catharine Macaulay, The History of England from the Revolution to the Present Time in a Series of Letters to a Friend (Bath, 1778), 306–307.3. George Corner, The Autobiography of Benjamin Rush (Princeton, 1948), 61; Mary Hays, Female Biography (Philadelphia, 1807), 3:156–157; Letters from Mrs. Elizabeth Carter to Mrs. Montagu (London, 1817), 2:26; Lucy Martin Donnelly, “The Celebrated Mrs. Macaulay,”William and Mary Quarterly 6 (April 1949): 180.4. Horace Walpole, Memoirs of the Reign of King George III (London, 1894), 3121–122; Monthly Review (London) 29 (November 1763): 372–373.5. J. Wright, ed., Sir Henry Cavendish's Debates of the House of Commons (London, 1841), 14 November 1768, 1:47–48; Sir Lewis Namier and John Brooke, The House of Commons, 1754–1790 (New York, 1964), 3:409–411. For Sawbridge see Carla H. Hay, “John Sawbridge and Topular Politics' in Eighteenth‐Century Britain,”Historian 52, no. 4 (August 1990): 551–565.6. Catharine Macaulay, Loose Remarks on Certain Propositions to be Found in Mr. Hobbes' Philosophical Rudiments of Government and Society, with a Short Sketch of a Democratical Form of Government in a Letter to Signor Paoli, 2d ed. (London, 1769), 35; Idem, The History of England from the Accession of James I to the Elevation of the House of Hanover, 2d ed. (London, 1766), 1:xvi, 2:83, 227, 106n; James Burgh, Political Disquisitions: or, an Inquiry into Public Errors, Defects, and Abuses (London, 1774–1775), 3429–430.7. Macaulay, Loose Remarks, 27; Macaulay to John Wilkes (1769), Wilkes Papers, British Museum Add. MS 30870, f. 242; London Chronicle 27 February‐1 March, 22–24 March, 7–9 June 1770; Gazetteer and New Daily Advertiser (London), 27 June 1770; Corner, Autobiography of Benjamin Rush, 60–61.8. Bonwick, English Radicals and the American Revolution, 58–64; John Rutt, ed., The Theological and Miscellaneous Works of Joseph Priestly (New York, 1972), 1:75, 22:380–398; Carl Cone, Torchbearer of Freedom (Lexington, Ky., 1952), 72; Ian Christie, Wilkes, Wyvill, and Reform (London, 1962), 32; Carla H. Hay, James Burgh Spokesman for Reform in Hanoverian England (Washington, D.C., 1979), 35–38, 79–80, 86–88; Bernard Knollenberg, ed., “Thomas Hollis and Jonathan Mayhew: Their Correspondence, 1759–1766,”Proceedings of the Massachusetts Historical Society 61 (October 1947‐May 1950): 150, 173.9. Pauline Maier, From Resistance to Revolution: Colonial Radicals and the Development of American Opposition to Britain, 1765–1776 (New York, 1972), 161, 223–224; Arthur Lee to Richard Henry Lee, 27 December 1768, 23 March, 15 August, 3 December 1769, in Paul Hoffman, ed., “Lee Family Papers, 1742–1795,” University of Virginia, microfilm (Charlottesville, 1966), reel 1.10. Corner, Autobiography of Benjamin Rush, 60–61; L. H. Butterfield, ed., Diary and Autobiography of John Adams (Cambridge, Mass., 1961), 2:182; Macaulay, Loose Remarks, 29–32; Benjamin Rush to [Jacob Rush], 26 January [1769], in L. H. Butterfield, ed., Letters of Benjamin Rush (Princeton, 1951), 1:74.11. Macaulay, Loose Remarks, 34–35; Macaulay to James Otis, 27 April 1769, in The Warren‐Adams Letters (Boston, 1917, 1929, 1:7–8; William Palfrey to John Wilkes, 21 October 1769, in “Letters to John Wilkes from Boston,”Proceedings of the Massachusetts Historical Society 47 (January 1914): 211.12. H. Trevor Colbourn, “John Dickinson, Historical Revolutionary,”Pennsylvania Magazine of History and Biography 83 (July 1959):284; John Dickinson to Arthur Lee, 31 March 1770, in Richard Henry Lee, Life of Arthur Lee (Boston, 1829), 230; L. H. Butterfield, “The American Interests of the Firm of E. and C. Dilly, with their Letters to Benjamin Rush, 1770–1795,”Papers of the Bibliographical Society of America 45 (1951):30–308.13. Lee, Life of Arthur Lee, 1:196, 199, 200; Richard Henry Lee to Macaulay, 29 November 1775, in James Ballagh, ed., The Letters of Richard Henry Lee (New York, 1911, 1914), 1:160–164; Macaulay to Arthur Lee [1773], “Lee Family Papers,” reel 2.14. John Adams to Macaulay, 9 August 1770, in Butterfield, Diary and Autobiography of John Adams, 1:360–361.15. Macaulay to John Adams, August 1773, 11 September 1774, Adams Papers, microfilm, reel 344. See also Macaulay to Mercy Warren, 11 September 1774, Mercy Warren Papers, Massachusetts Historical Society, microfilm, reel 1: Letterbook (hereafter cited as MWP); Maier, Resistance to Revolution, 242, 247–250, 260–264.16. Warren to Macaulay, 1773, MWP, Letterbook; Abigail Adams to Macaulay [1774], in L. H. Butterfield, ed., Adams Family Correspondence (Cambridge, Mass, 1963), 1:177–178.17. Macaulay to John Adams, August 1773, 11 September 1774, Adams Papers, reel 344; Macaulay to Arthur Lee [1773] and Macaulay to Richard Henry Lee [1775], “Lee Family Papers,” reel 2; Macaulay to Wamn, 11 September 1774, MWP.18. Bonwick, English Radicals and the American Revolution, 82; Thomas Copeland, The Correspondence of Edmund Burke (Cambridge, 1958–1968), 2:150; Macaulay to Ezra Stiles, June 1773, Gratz Collection, box 32, Pennsylvania Historical Society; Samuel Adams to John Langdon, 14 April 1785, in H. A, Cushing, ed., The Writings of Samuel Adams New York, 1904–1908), 2:314–315.19. Maier, From Resistance to Revolution, 253–254; Bonwick, English Radicals and the American Revolution, 78, 97; “Journal of Josiah Quincy, Jun., During His voyage and Residence in England from September 28th, 1774 to March 3d. 1775,”Proceedings of the Massachusetts Historical Society 50 (1916–1917):451–452; Paul Smith, comp., English Defenders of American Freedoms, 1774–1778 (Washington, D.C., 1972), 108; John Adams to Dr. J. Morse, 5 January 1816, in C. F. Adams, The Works of John Adams (Boston, 1850–1856), 10:202.20. Catharine Macaulay, An Address to the People of England, Ireland, and Scotland on the Present Important Crisis of Affairs, 3d ed. (New York, 1775), reprinted in Smith, English Defenders of American Freedoms, 113–122.21. Macaulay to John Adam, 11 September 1774, Adam Papers, Reel 344; St. James's Chronicle, or British Evening Post (London), 21–24 October, 28–31 October 1775; Bath Chronicle (England), 10 April 1777; John Wilkes to Polly Wilkes, 4 January 1778, in Letters from the Year 1774 to the Year 1796 of John Wilkes, Esq., Addressed to His Daughter (London, 1804), 2:61–62; Macaulay to Benjamin Franklin, 8 December 1777, Franklin Papers, American Philosophical Society; Warren to Macaulay, 1, 15, 18 February 1777, MWP, Letterbook.22. Bonwick, English Radicals and the American Revolution, 154–155, 171–172, 247.23. Samuel Adams, letter of introduction, 14 April 1785, in Samuel Adams Papers, Lenox Collection, New York Public Library; Samuel Adams to Richard Henry Lee, 14 April 1785, in Cushing, Writings of Samuel Adams, 2:314–315; Richard Henry Lee to Washington, 3 May 1785, in Ballagh, Letters of Richard Henry Lee, 2:352; James Monroe to Thomas Jefferson, 15 July 1765, in Julian Boyd, ed., The Papers of Thomas Jefferson (Princeton, 1953), 8:296; Charles Dilly to Benjamin Rush, 1 February 1786, in Butterfield, “American Interests of E. and C. Dilly,” 327; Katharine Anthony, First Lady of the Revolution The Life of Mercy Otis Warren (New York, 1958), 126, 134; Virginia Gazette, or the American Advertiser (Richmond), 28 August 1784; American Herald (Boston), 4, 11, 18 October 1784; Boston Gazette and the Country Journal, 8 November 1784; Independent Ledger and the American Advertiser (Boston), 8 November 1784; Macaulay to Warren, 15 July 1785, Warren‐Adams Letters, 2:259; Washington to Henry Knox, 18 June 1785, and Washington to Richard Henry Lee, 22 June 1785, in John C. Fitzpatrick, ed., The Writings of George Washington, 1748–1799 (Washington, 1925), 28:169, 141; John C. Fitzpatrick, ed., The Diaries of George Washington (Boston, 1925): 2:381–382; Alexander Craydon, Memoirs of a Life Chiefly Passed in Pennsylvania (Harrisburg, Pa., 1811), 304–305.24. Pennsylvania Packet and General Advertiser (Philadelphia), 6 July 1785; Thomas's Massachusetts Spy; or, Worchester Gazette, 5 August 1784; Virginia Gazette, 28 August 1784; Samuel Adams to John Langdon, 14 April 1785, in Cushing, Writings of Samuel Adams, 2:314–315.25. Macaulay to Warren, 6 March 1787, Warren‐Adams Letters, 2:284; Anthony, First Lady of the Revolution, 123; Macaulay to Warren, 29 October 1788, Warren‐Adams Letters, 2:304; Washington to Macaulay, 16 November 1787, 9 January 1790, 19 July 1791, in Fitzpatrick, Writings of Washington, 29:316–317, 30:495–498, 31:316–317; Warren to Macaulay, [September] 1786, 12 August, 28 September, 18 December 1787, July 1789, 31 May, 12 July 1791, MWP, Letterbook.26. Reprint of an undated letter by Catharine Macaulay to an unidentified correspondent in Scots Magazine 48 (March 1786): 112; Bonwick, English Radicals and the American Revolution, 163; Macaulay to Washington, 30 October 1789, June 1790, Washington Papers, Library of Congress, reels 98, W; Macaulay to Warren, 6 March, November 1787, March 1788, 29 October 1788, in Warren‐Adams Letters, 2:283–285, 298–305; Macaulay to Samuel Adams, 1 March 1791, Samuel Adams Papers, Lenox Collection; Warren to Macaulay, 12 August, 18 December 1787, July 1789, MWP, Letterbook.27. Macaulay to Washington, June 1790, Washington Papers, reel 99; Warren to Macaulay, 12 April, 18 December 1787, July 1789, MWP, Letterbook.28. Macaulay to Warren, November 1787, 29 October 1788, Warren‐Adams Letters, 2:298–300, 303–305; Macaulay to Washington, 30 October 1787, June 1790, Washington Papers, reels 98, 99; Macaulay to Samuel Adams, 1 March 1791, Samuel Adams Papers, Lenox Collection.29. Some radicals, such as Richard Price, expressed concern about the weakness of the Articles of Confederation. The new constitution, however, quieted most of their fears about the new nation's survival. Bonwick, English Radicals and the American Revolution, 171–184; John Adams to Richard Price, 20 May 1789, in C. F. Adams, Works of John Adams, 9:558–559.30. Macaulay, History of England (London, 1781), 6:vii; Macaulay to Washington, June 1790, Washington Papers, reel 99.31. Macaulay, History of England (London, 1783), 8:337; Catharine Macaulay, A Treatise on the Immutability of Moral Truth (London, 1783), 14–15; Macaulay to Warren, March 1788, Warren‐Adams Letters, 2302.32. Macaulay to Washington, 30 October 1789, June 1790, Washington Papers, reels 98, 99; Macaulay to Samuel Adams, 1 March 1791, Samuel Adams Papers, Lenox Collection.33. Macaulay to Washington, 1 March 1791, Washington Papers, reel 100; Macaulay to Samuel Adams, Samuel Adams Papers, Lenox Collection; Warren to Macaulay, 31 May 1791, MWP, Letterbook; [Catharine Macaulay], Observations on the Reflections of the Right Hon. Edmund Burke on the Revolution in France, in a Letter to the Right Hon. the Earl of Stanhope (Boston, 1791).Notes1. Colin Bonwick, English Radicals and the American Revolution (Chapel Hill, 1977), 242–266. See also Barbara Brandon Schnorrenberg, ‘The Brood Hen of Faction: Mrs. Macaulay and Radical Politics, 1765–1775,”Albion 11, no. 1 (Spring 1979): 33–45; Robert Toohey, Liberty and Empire: British Radical Solutions to the American Revolution, 1774–1776 (Lexington, Ky., 1978), 81–90; John Sainsbury, Disaffected Patriots: London Supporters of Revolutionary America, 1769–1782 (Montreal, 1987).2. Alexander Stephens, Memoirs of John Horn Tooke (New York, 1968; reprint of 1813), 2:282–283; Catharine Macaulay, The History of England from the Revolution to the Present Time in a Series of Letters to a Friend (Bath, 1778), 306–307.3. George Corner, The Autobiography of Benjamin Rush (Princeton, 1948), 61; Mary Hays, Female Biography (Philadelphia, 1807), 3:156–157; Letters from Mrs. Elizabeth Carter to Mrs. Montagu (London, 1817), 2:26; Lucy Martin Donnelly, “The Celebrated Mrs. Macaulay,”William and Mary Quarterly 6 (April 1949): 180.4. Horace Walpole, Memoirs of the Reign of King George III (London, 1894), 3121–122; Monthly Review (London) 29 (November 1763): 372–373.5. J. Wright, ed., Sir Henry Cavendish's Debates of the House of Commons (London, 1841), 14 November 1768, 1:47–48; Sir Lewis Namier and John Brooke, The House of Commons, 1754–1790 (New York, 1964), 3:409–411. For Sawbridge see Carla H. Hay, “John Sawbridge and Topular Politics' in Eighteenth‐Century Britain,”Historian 52, no. 4 (August 1990): 551–565.6. Catharine Macaulay, Loose Remarks on Certain Propositions to be Found in Mr. Hobbes' Philosophical Rudiments of Government and Society, with a Short Sketch of a Democratical Form of Government in a Letter to Signor Paoli, 2d ed. (London, 1769), 35; Idem, The History of England from the Accession of James I to the Elevation of the House of Hanover, 2d ed. (London, 1766), 1:xvi, 2:83, 227, 106n; James Burgh, Political Disquisitions: or, an Inquiry into Public Errors, Defects, and Abuses (London, 1774–1775), 3429–430.7. Macaulay, Loose Remarks, 27; Macaulay to John Wilkes (1769), Wilkes Papers, British Museum Add. MS 30870, f. 242; London Chronicle 27 February‐1 March, 22–24 March, 7–9 June 1770; Gazetteer and New Daily Advertiser (London), 27 June 1770; Corner, Autobiography of Benjamin Rush, 60–61.8. Bonwick, English Radicals and the American Revolution, 58–64; John Rutt, ed., The Theological and Miscellaneous Works of Joseph Priestly (New York, 1972), 1:75, 22:380–398; Carl Cone, Torchbearer of Freedom (Lexington, Ky., 1952), 72; Ian Christie, Wilkes, Wyvill, and Reform (London, 1962), 32; Carla H. Hay, James Burgh Spokesman for Reform in Hanoverian England (Washington, D.C., 1979), 35–38, 79–80, 86–88; Bernard Knollenberg, ed., “Thomas Hollis and Jonathan Mayhew: Their Correspondence, 1759–1766,”Proceedings of the Massachusetts Historical Society 61 (October 1947‐May 1950): 150, 173.9. Pauline Maier, From Resistance to Revolution: Colonial Radicals and the Development of American Opposition to Britain, 1765–1776 (New York, 1972), 161, 223–224; Arthur Lee to Richard Henry Lee, 27 December 1768, 23 March, 15 August, 3 December 1769, in Paul Hoffman, ed., “Lee Family Papers, 1742–1795,” University of Virginia, microfilm (Charlottesville, 1966), reel 1.10. Corner, Autobiography of Benjamin Rush, 60–61; L. H. Butterfield, ed., Diary and Autobiography of John Adams (Cambridge, Mass., 1961), 2:182; Macaulay, Loose Remarks, 29–32; Benjamin Rush to [Jacob Rush], 26 January [1769], in L. H. Butterfield, ed., Letters of Benjamin Rush (Princeton, 1951), 1:74.11. Macaulay, Loose Remarks, 34–35; Macaulay to James Otis, 27 April 1769, in The Warren‐Adams Letters (Boston, 1917, 1929, 1:7–8; William Palfrey to John Wilkes, 21 October 1769, in “Letters to John Wilkes from Boston,”Proceedings of the Massachusetts Historical Society 47 (January 1914): 211.12. H. Trevor Colbourn, “John Dickinson, Historical Revolutionary,”Pennsylvania Magazine of History and Biography 83 (July 1959):284; John Dickinson to Arthur Lee, 31 March 1770, in Richard Henry Lee, Life of Arthur Lee (Boston, 1829), 230; L. H. Butterfield, “The American Interests of the Firm of E. and C. Dilly, with their Letters to Benjamin Rush, 1770–1795,”Papers of the Bibliographical Society of America 45 (1951):30–308.13. Lee, Life of Arthur Lee, 1:196, 199, 200; Richard Henry Lee to Macaulay, 29 November 1775, in James Ballagh, ed., The Letters of Richard Henry Lee (New York, 1911, 1914), 1:160–164; Macaulay to Arthur Lee [1773], “Lee Family Papers,” reel 2.14. John Adams to Macaulay, 9 August 1770, in Butterfield, Diary and Autobiography of John Adams, 1:360–361.15. Macaulay to John Adams, August 1773, 11 September 1774, Adams Papers, microfilm, reel 344. See also Macaulay to Mercy Warren, 11 September 1774, Mercy Warren Papers, Massachusetts Historical Society, microfilm, reel 1: Letterbook (hereafter cited as MWP); Maier, Resistance to Revolution, 242, 247–250, 260–264.16. Warren to Macaulay, 1773, MWP, Letterbook; Abigail Adams to Macaulay [1774], in L. H. Butterfield, ed., Adams Family Correspondence (Cambridge, Mass, 1963), 1:177–178.17. Macaulay to John Adams, August 1773, 11 September 1774, Adams Papers, reel 344; Macaulay to Arthur Lee [1773] and Macaulay to Richard Henry Lee [1775], “Lee Family Papers,” reel 2; Macaulay to Wamn, 11 September 1774, MWP.18. Bonwick, English Radicals and the American Revolution, 82; Thomas Copeland, The Correspondence of Edmund Burke (Cambridge, 1958–1968), 2:150; Macaulay to Ezra Stiles, June 1773, Gratz Collection, box 32, Pennsylvania Historical Society; Samuel Adams to John Langdon, 14 April 1785, in H. A, Cushing, ed., The Writings of Samuel Adams New York, 1904–1908), 2:314–315.19. Maier, From Resistance to Revolution, 253–254; Bonwick, English Radicals and the American Revolution, 78, 97; “Journal of Josiah Quincy, Jun., During His voyage and Residence in England from September 28th, 1774 to March 3d. 1775,”Proceedings of the Massachusetts Historical Society 50 (1916–1917):451–452; Paul Smith, comp., English Defenders of American Freedoms, 1774–1778 (Washington, D.C., 1972), 108; John Adams to Dr. J. Morse, 5 January 1816, in C. F. Adams, The Works of John Adams (Boston, 1850–1856), 10:202.20. Catharine Macaulay, An Address to the People of England, Ireland, and Scotland on the Present Important Crisis of Affairs, 3d ed. (New York, 1775), reprinted in Smith, English Defenders of American Freedoms, 113–122.21. Macaulay to John Adam, 11 September 1774, Adam Papers, Reel 344; St. James's Chronicle, or British Evening Post (London), 21–24 October, 28–31 October 1775; Bath Chronicle (England), 10 April 1777; John Wilkes to Polly Wilkes, 4 January 1778, in Letters from the Year 1774 to the Year 1796 of John Wilkes, Esq., Addressed to His Daughter (London, 1804), 2:61–62; Macaulay to Benjamin Franklin, 8 December 1777, Franklin Papers, American Philosophical Society; Warren to Macaulay, 1, 15, 18 February 1777, MWP, Letterbook.22. Bonwick, English Radicals and the American Revolution, 154–155, 171–172, 247.23. Samuel Adams, letter of introduction, 14 April 1785, in Samuel Adams Papers, Lenox Collection, New York Public Library; Samuel Adams to Richard Henry Lee, 14 April 1785, in Cushing, Writings of Samuel Adams, 2:314–315; Richard Henry Lee to Washington, 3 May 1785, in Ballagh, Letters of Richard Henry Lee, 2:352; James Monroe to Thomas Jefferson, 15 July 1765, in Julian Boyd, ed., The Papers of Thomas Jefferson (Princeton, 1953), 8:296; Charles Dilly to Benjamin Rush, 1 February 1786, in Butterfield, “American Interests of E. and C. Dilly,” 327; Katharine Anthony, First Lady of the Revolution The Life of Mercy Otis Warren (New York, 1958), 126, 134; Virginia Gazette, or the American Advertiser (Richmond), 28 August 1784; American Herald (Boston), 4, 11, 18 October 1784; Boston Gazette and the Country Journal, 8 November 1784; Independent Ledger and the American Advertiser (Boston), 8 November 1784; Macaulay to Warren, 15 July 1785, Warren‐Adams Letters, 2:259; Washington to Henry Knox, 18 June 1785, and Washington to Richard Henry Lee, 22 June 1785, in John C. Fitzpatrick, ed., The Writings of George Washington, 1748–1799 (Washington, 1925), 28:169, 141; John C. Fitzpatrick, ed., The Diaries of George Washington (Boston, 1925): 2:381–382; Alexander Craydon, Memoirs of a Life Chiefly Passed in Pennsylvania (Harrisburg, Pa., 1811), 304–305.24. Pennsylvania Packet and General Advertiser (Philadelphia), 6 July 1785; Thomas's Massachusetts Spy; or, Worchester Gazette, 5 August 1784; Virginia Gazette, 28 August 1784; Samuel Adams to John Langdon, 14 April 1785, in Cushing, Writings of Samuel Adams, 2:314–315.25. Macaulay to Warren, 6 March 1787, Warren‐Adams Letters, 2:284; Anthony, First Lady of the Revolution, 123; Macaulay to Warren, 29 October 1788, Warren‐Adams Letters, 2:304; Washington to Macaulay, 16 November 1787, 9 January 1790, 19 July 1791, in Fitzpatrick, Writings of Washington, 29:316–317, 30:495–498, 31:316–317; Warren to Macaulay, [September] 1786, 12 August, 28 September, 18 December 1787, July 1789, 31 May, 12 July 1791, MWP, Letterbook.26. Reprint of an undated letter by Catharine Macaulay to an unidentified correspondent in Scots Magazine 48 (March 1786): 112; Bonwick, English Radicals and the American Revolution, 163; Macaulay to Washington, 30 October 1789, June 1790, Washington Papers, Library of Congress, reels 98, W; Macaulay to Warren, 6 March, November 1787, March 1788, 29 October 1788, in Warren‐Adams Letters, 2:283–285, 298–305; Macaulay to Samuel Adams, 1 March 1791, Samuel Adams Papers, Lenox Collection; Warren to Macaulay, 12 August, 18 December 1787, July 1789, MWP, Letterbook.27. Macaulay to Washington, June 1790, Washington Papers, reel 99; Warren to Macaulay, 12 April, 18 December 1787, July 1789, MWP, Letterbook.28. Macaulay to Warren, November 1787, 29 October 1788, Warren‐Adams Letters, 2:298–300, 303–305; Macaulay to Washington, 30 October 1787, June 1790, Washington Papers, reels 98, 99; Macaulay to Samuel Adams, 1 March 1791, Samuel Adams Papers, Lenox Collection.29. Some radicals, such as Richard Price, expressed concern about the weakness of the Articles of Confederation. The new constitution, however, quieted most of their fears about the new nation's survival. Bonwick, English Radicals and the American Revolution, 171–184; John Adams to Richard Price, 20 May 1789, in C. F. Adams, Works of John Adams, 9:558–559.30. Macaulay, History of England (London, 1781), 6:vii; Macaulay to Washington, June 1790, Washington Papers, reel 99.31. Macaulay, History of England (London, 1783), 8:337; Catharine Macaulay, A Treatise on the Immutability of Moral Truth (London, 1783), 14–15; Macaulay to Warren, March 1788, Warren‐Adams Letters, 2302.32. Macaulay to Washington, 30 October 1789, June 1790, Washington Papers, reels 98, 99; Macaulay to Samuel Adams, 1 March 1791, Samuel Adams Papers, Lenox Collection.33. Macaulay to Washington, 1 March 1791, Washington Papers, reel 100; Macaulay to Samuel Adams, Samuel Adams Papers, Lenox Collection; Warren to Macaulay, 31 May 1791, MWP, Letterbook; [Catharine Macaulay], Observations on the Reflections of the Right Hon. Edmund Burke on the Revolution in France, in a Letter to the Right Hon. the Earl of Stanhope (Boston, 1791).
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