Artigo Revisado por pares

Perception of age in adult Caucasian male faces: computer graphic manipulation of shape and colour information

1995; Royal Society; Volume: 259; Issue: 1355 Linguagem: Inglês

10.1098/rspb.1995.0021

ISSN

1471-2954

Autores

D. M. Burt, David I. Perrett,

Tópico(s)

Aesthetic Perception and Analysis

Resumo

Restricted accessMoreSectionsView PDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack Citations ShareShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditEmail Cite this article Burt D. Michael and Perrett David I. 1995Perception of age in adult Caucasian male faces: computer graphic manipulation of shape and colour informationProc. R. Soc. Lond. B.259137–143http://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.1995.0021SectionRestricted accessArticlePerception of age in adult Caucasian male faces: computer graphic manipulation of shape and colour information D. Michael Burt Google Scholar Find this author on PubMed Search for more papers by this author and David I. Perrett Google Scholar Find this author on PubMed Search for more papers by this author D. Michael Burt Google Scholar Find this author on PubMed and David I. Perrett Google Scholar Find this author on PubMed Published:22 February 1995https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.1995.0021AbstractThis study investigated visual cues to age by using facial composites which blend shape and colour information from multiple faces. Baseline measurements showed that perceived age of adult male faces is on average an accurate index of their chronological age over the age range 20-60 years. Composite images were made from multiple images of different faces by averaging face shape and then blending red, green and blue intensity (RGB colour) across comparable pixels. The perceived age of these composite or blended images depended on the age bracket of the component faces. Blended faces were, however, rated younger than their component faces, a trend that became more marked with increased component age. The techniques used provide an empirical definition of facial changes with age that are biologically consistent across a sample population. The perceived age of a blend of old faces was increased by exaggerating the RGB colour differences of each pixel relative to a blend of young faces. This effect on perceived age was not attributable to enhanced contrast or colour saturation. Age-related visual cues defined from the differences between blends of young and old faces were applied to individual faces. These transformations increased perceived age.FootnotesThis text was harvested from a scanned image of the original document using optical character recognition (OCR) software. As such, it may contain errors. Please contact the Royal Society if you find an error you would like to see corrected. Mathematical notations produced through Infty OCR. Previous ArticleNext Article VIEW FULL TEXT DOWNLOAD PDF FiguresRelatedReferencesDetailsCited by Kurosumi M, Mizukoshi K, Hongo M, Kamachi M and Mattos C (2022) The effect of observation angles on facial age perceptions: A case study of Japanese women, PLOS ONE, 10.1371/journal.pone.0279339, 17:12, (e0279339) Thorley C, Acton B, Armstrong J, Ford S and Gundry M (2022) Are estimates of faces' ages less accurate when they wear sunglasses or face masks and do these disguises make it harder to later recognise the faces when undisguised?, Cognitive Research: Principles and Implications, 10.1186/s41235-022-00370-0, 7:1, Online publication date: 1-Dec-2022. AlKheder S, Alrashidi A and Zaqzouq A (2022) Examine the pedestrian road crossing behavior in Kuwait, Journal of Public Affairs, 10.1002/pa.2812, 22:S1, Online publication date: 1-Dec-2022. Gowroju S, Aarti and Kumar S (2022) Review on secure traditional and machine learning algorithms for age prediction using IRIS image, Multimedia Tools and Applications, 10.1007/s11042-022-13355-4, 81:24, (35503-35531), Online publication date: 1-Oct-2022. Pilz K and Lou H (2022) Contextual and own-age effects in age perception, Experimental Brain Research, 10.1007/s00221-022-06411-w, 240:9, (2471-2480), Online publication date: 1-Sep-2022. Ning X, Gou D, Dong X, Tian W, Yu L and Wang C (2020) Conditional generative adversarial networks based on the principle of homologycontinuity for face aging , Concurrency and Computation: Practice and Experience, 10.1002/cpe.5792, 34:12, Online publication date: 30-May-2022. Watson D and Johnston A (2022) A PCA-Based Active Appearance Model for Characterising Modes of Spatiotemporal Variation in Dynamic Facial Behaviours, Frontiers in Psychology, 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.880548, 13 Kawaguchi Y, Tomonaga M and Adachi I (2021) No evidence of spatial representation of age, but "own-age bias" like face processing found in chimpanzees, Animal Cognition, 10.1007/s10071-021-01564-7, 25:2, (415-424), Online publication date: 1-Apr-2022. Davis H and Attard‐Johnson J (2022) Your ID , please? The effect of facemasks and makeup on perceptions of age of young adult female faces , Applied Cognitive Psychology, 10.1002/acp.3923, 36:2, (453-459), Online publication date: 1-Mar-2022. Wardle S, Paranjape S, Taubert J and Baker C (2022) Illusory faces are more likely to be perceived as male than female, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 10.1073/pnas.2117413119, 119:5, Online publication date: 1-Feb-2022. TAIRA A, IGARASHI T and GYOBA J (2022) Cognitive Structure of Youthful Facial Impression in Young Women若年女性における若々しい顔の印象認知構造, Transactions of Japan Society of Kansei Engineering, 10.5057/jjske.TJSKE-D-22-00022, 21:4, (425-430), . Zhao J, Yan S and Feng J Towards Age-Invariant Face Recognition, IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence, 10.1109/TPAMI.2020.3011426, 44:1, (474-487) Sun M, Wang J, Liu J, Li J, Chen T and Sun Z A Unified Framework for Biphasic Facial Age Translation With Noisy-Semantic Guided Generative Adversarial Networks, IEEE Transactions on Information Forensics and Security, 10.1109/TIFS.2022.3164187, 17, (1513-1527) Ganel T and Goodale M (2021) The effect of smiling on the perceived age of male and female faces across the lifespan, Scientific Reports, 10.1038/s41598-021-02380-2, 11:1 Fitousi D (2021) How facial aging affects perceived gender: Insights from maximum likelihood conjoint measurement, Journal of Vision, 10.1167/jov.21.12.12, 21:12, (12), Online publication date: 23-Nov-2021. Kawaguchi Y, Nakamura K, Tomonaga M and Adachi I (2021) Impairment effect of infantile coloration on face discrimination in chimpanzees, Royal Society Open Science, 8:11, Online publication date: 1-Nov-2021. Voegeli R, Schoop R, Prestat‐Marquis E, Rawlings A, Shackelford T and Fink B (2021) Differences between perceived age and chronological age in women: A multi‐ethnic and multi‐centre study, International Journal of Cosmetic Science, 10.1111/ics.12727, 43:5, (547-560), Online publication date: 1-Oct-2021. Elmahmudi A and Ugail H (2020) A framework for facial age progression and regression using exemplar face templates, The Visual Computer, 10.1007/s00371-020-01960-z, 37:7, (2023-2038), Online publication date: 1-Jul-2021. Li Z, Jiang R and Aarabi P (2021) Continuous Face Aging via Self-estimated Residual Age Embedding 2021 IEEE/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR), 10.1109/CVPR46437.2021.01476, 978-1-6654-4509-2, (15003-15012) Thorley C (2020) How old was he? Disguises, age, and race impact upon age estimation accuracy, Applied Cognitive Psychology, 10.1002/acp.3744, 35:2, (460-472), Online publication date: 1-Mar-2021. Benkaddour M, Lahlali S and Trabelsi M (2021) Human Age And Gender Classification using Convolutional Neural Network 2020 2nd International Workshop on Human-Centric Smart Environments for Health and Well-being (IHSH), 10.1109/IHSH51661.2021.9378708, 978-1-6654-4084-4, (215-220) Bülthoff I, Jung W, Armann R and Wallraven C (2021) Predominance of eyes and surface information for face race categorization, Scientific Reports, 10.1038/s41598-021-81476-1, 11:1 Ananyeva K (2021) Other Race Effect: Theoretical Concepts, Research Tools, Experimental Data, Experimental Psychology (Russia)Экспериментальная психология, 10.17759/exppsy.2021140408, 14:4, (142-163) Liu Y, Li Q, Sun Z and Tan T A 3 GAN: An Attribute-Aware Attentive Generative Adversarial Network for Face Aging , IEEE Transactions on Information Forensics and Security, 10.1109/TIFS.2021.3065499, 16, (2776-2790) Agbo-Ajala O and Viriri S (2020) Deep learning approach for facial age classification: a survey of the state-of-the-art, Artificial Intelligence Review, 10.1007/s10462-020-09855-0, 54:1, (179-213), Online publication date: 1-Jan-2021. Awad D, Clifford C, White D and Mareschal I (2020) Asymmetric contextual effects in age perception, Royal Society Open Science, 7:12, Online publication date: 1-Dec-2020. Kawaguchi Y, Nakamura K and Tomonaga M (2020) Colour matters more than shape for chimpanzees' recognition of developmental face changes, Scientific Reports, 10.1038/s41598-020-75284-2, 10:1 Heravi F and Nait-Ali A (2020) Adult-child 3D backward face aging model (3D B-FAM), Journal of Visual Communication and Image Representation, 10.1016/j.jvcir.2020.102803, 72, (102803), Online publication date: 1-Oct-2020. Jayaraman U, Gupta P, Gupta S, Arora G and Tiwari K (2020) Recent development in face recognition, Neurocomputing, 10.1016/j.neucom.2019.08.110, 408, (231-245), Online publication date: 1-Sep-2020. Kyllonen K and Monson K (2020) Depiction of ethnic facial aging by forensic artists and preliminary assessment of the applicability of facial averages, Forensic Science International, 10.1016/j.forsciint.2020.110353, 313, (110353), Online publication date: 1-Aug-2020. Georgopoulos M, Oldfield J, Nicolaou M, Panagakis Y and Pantic M (2020) Enhancing Facial Data Diversity with Style-based Face Aging 2020 IEEE/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition Workshops (CVPRW), 10.1109/CVPRW50498.2020.00015, 978-1-7281-9360-1, (66-74) Anwaar M, Loo C and Seera M (2019) Face image synthesis with weight and age progression using conditional adversarial autoencoder, Neural Computing and Applications, 10.1007/s00521-019-04217-6, 32:8, (3567-3579), Online publication date: 1-Apr-2020. Pennington C, Curtner-Smith M and Wind S (2018) Influence of a physical education teacher's perceived age on high school pupils' perceptions of effectiveness and learning, European Physical Education Review, 10.1177/1356336X18816342, 26:1, (22-35), Online publication date: 1-Feb-2020. Mileva M, Young A, Jenkins R and Burton A (2020) Facial identity across the lifespan, Cognitive Psychology, 10.1016/j.cogpsych.2019.101260, 116, (101260), Online publication date: 1-Feb-2020. Sun Y, Tang J, Sun Z and Tistarelli M Facial Age and Expression Synthesis Using Ordinal Ranking Adversarial Networks, IEEE Transactions on Information Forensics and Security, 10.1109/TIFS.2020.2980792, 15, (2960-2972) Liu S, Yao Y, Xing C and Gedeon T (2020) Disguising Personal Identity Information in EEG Signals Neural Information Processing, 10.1007/978-3-030-63823-8_11, (87-95), . Alkaabi S, Yussof S, Al-Khateeb H, Ahmadi-Assalemi G and Epiphaniou G (2020) Deep Convolutional Neural Networks for Forensic Age Estimation: A Review Cyber Defence in the Age of AI, Smart Societies and Augmented Humanity, 10.1007/978-3-030-35746-7_17, (375-395), . Short L, Mondloch C, deJong J and Chan H (2018) Evidence for a young adult face bias in accuracy and consensus of age estimates, British Journal of Psychology, 10.1111/bjop.12370, 110:4, (652-669), Online publication date: 1-Nov-2019. Majid Zadeh Heravi , Farazdaghi , Fournier and Nait-ali (2019) Impact of Aging on Three-Dimensional Facial Verification, Electronics, 10.3390/electronics8101170, 8:10, (1170) Pennington C, Curtner-Smith M and Wind S Impact of a Physical Education Teacher's Age on Elementary School Students' Perceptions of Effectiveness and Learning, Journal of Teaching in Physical Education, 10.1123/jtpe.2018-0260, 38:4, (279-285) He Z, Kan M, Shan S and Chen X (2019) S2GAN: Share Aging Factors Across Ages and Share Aging Trends Among Individuals 2019 IEEE/CVF International Conference on Computer Vision (ICCV), 10.1109/ICCV.2019.00953, 978-1-7281-4803-8, (9439-9448) Xu C, Makihara Y, Yagi Y and Lu J (2019) Gait-based age progression/regression: a baseline and performance evaluation by age group classification and cross-age gait identification, Machine Vision and Applications, 10.1007/s00138-019-01015-x, 30:4, (629-644), Online publication date: 1-Jun-2019. Geniole S, Proietti V, Bird B, Ortiz T, Bonin P, Goldfarb B, Watson N and Carré J (2019) Testosterone reduces the threat premium in competitive resource division, Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 286:1903, Online publication date: 29-May-2019. Kamachi M, Chiba T, Kurosumi M and Mizukoshi K (2019) Perception of Human Age from Faces: Symmetric Versus Asymmetric Movement, Symmetry, 10.3390/sym11050650, 11:5, (650) Gou D, Zhang S, Ning X and Wang W (2019) A Face Aging Network Based on Conditional Cycle Loss and The Principle of Homology Continuity 2019 International Conference on High Performance Big Data and Intelligent Systems (HPBD&IS), 10.1109/HPBDIS.2019.8735477, 978-1-7281-0466-9, (264-268) Schneider A, Bouabene G, Shaiek A, Schonborn S, Flament F, Francois G, Rubert V and Vetter T (2019) Photo-Realistic Exemplar-Based Face Ageing 2019 14th IEEE International Conference on Automatic Face & Gesture Recognition (FG 2019), 10.1109/FG.2019.8756507, 978-1-7281-0089-0, (1-8) Martin V, Séguier R, Porcheron A and Morizot F (2018) Face aging simulation with a new wrinkle oriented active appearance model, Multimedia Tools and Applications, 10.1007/s11042-018-6311-z, 78:5, (6309-6327), Online publication date: 1-Mar-2019. Georgopoulos M, Panagakis Y and Pantic M (2018) Modeling of facial aging and kinship: A survey, Image and Vision Computing, 10.1016/j.imavis.2018.05.003, 80, (58-79), Online publication date: 1-Dec-2018. Sajid M, Taj I, Bajwa U and Ratyal N (2018) Facial Asymmetry-Based Age Group Estimation: Role in Recognizing Age-Separated Face Images, Journal of Forensic Sciences, 10.1111/1556-4029.13798, 63:6, (1727-1749), Online publication date: 1-Nov-2018. Clifford C, Watson T and White D (2018) Two sources of bias explain errors in facial age estimation, Royal Society Open Science, 5:10, Online publication date: 1-Oct-2018. Kramer R, Mileva M, Ritchie K and Hills P (2018) Inter-rater agreement in trait judgements from faces, PLOS ONE, 10.1371/journal.pone.0202655, 13:8, (e0202655) Jia L, Song Y and Zhang Y (2018) Face Aging with Improved Invertible Conditional GANs 2018 24th International Conference on Pattern Recognition (ICPR), 10.1109/ICPR.2018.8546268, 978-1-5386-3788-3, (1396-1401) Clapes A, Anbarjafari G, Bilici O, Temirova D, Avots E and Escalera S (2018) From Apparent to Real Age: Gender, Age, Ethnic, Makeup, and Expression Bias Analysis in Real Age Estimation 2018 IEEE/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition Workshops (CVPRW), 10.1109/CVPRW.2018.00314, 978-1-5386-6100-0, (2436-243609) Ebner N, Luedicke J, Voelkle M, Riediger M, Lin T and Lindenberger U (2018) An Adult Developmental Approach to Perceived Facial Attractiveness and Distinctiveness, Frontiers in Psychology, 10.3389/fpsyg.2018.00561, 9 Hutchison J, Cunningham S, Slessor G, Urquhart J, Smith K and Martin D (2017) Context and Perceptual Salience Influence the Formation of Novel Stereotypes via Cumulative Cultural Evolution, Cognitive Science, 10.1111/cogs.12560, 42, (186-212), Online publication date: 1-May-2018. Matthews H, Penington A, Clement J, Kilpatrick N, Fan Y and Claes P (2018) Estimating age and synthesising growth in children and adolescents using 3D facial prototypes, Forensic Science International, 10.1016/j.forsciint.2018.02.024, 286, (61-69), Online publication date: 1-May-2018. Thorstenson C (2018) The Social Psychophysics of Human Face Color: Review and Recommendations, Social Cognition, 10.1521/soco.2018.36.2.247, 36:2, (247-273), Online publication date: 1-Apr-2018. Shu X, Tang J, Li Z, Lai H, Zhang L and Yan S Personalized Age Progression with Bi-Level Aging Dictionary Learning, IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence, 10.1109/TPAMI.2017.2705122, 40:4, (905-917) Osman A and Viriri S (2018) Face verification across age progression: A survey of the state-of-the-art 2018 Conference on Information Communications Technology and Society (ICTAS), 10.1109/ICTAS.2018.8368755, 978-1-5386-6562-6, (1-6) Marcinkowska U, Little A, Galbarczyk A, Nenko I, Klimek M and Jasienska G (2017) Costs of reproduction are reflected in women's faces: Post-menopausal women with fewer children are perceived as more attractive, healthier and younger than women with more children, American Journal of Physical Anthropology, 10.1002/ajpa.23362, 165:3, (589-593), Online publication date: 1-Mar-2018. Peacock C and Gözenman F (2017) Encoding-Stage Adaptation Effects: Long-Term Memory, Perception, 10.1177/0301006617739533, 47:2, (216-224), Online publication date: 1-Feb-2018. Bukar A and Ugail H (2018) A Nonlinear Appearance Model for Age Progression Advances in Soft Computing and Machine Learning in Image Processing, 10.1007/978-3-319-63754-9_21, (461-475), . Russell R, Kramer S and Jones A (2017) Facial Contrast Declines with Age but Remains Sexually Dimorphic Throughout Adulthood, Adaptive Human Behavior and Physiology, 10.1007/s40750-017-0068-x, 3:4, (293-303), Online publication date: 1-Dec-2017. Farazdaghi E and Nait‐Ali A (2017) Backward face ageing model (B‐FAM) for digital face image rejuvenation, IET Biometrics, 10.1049/iet-bmt.2016.0079, 6:6, (478-486), Online publication date: 1-Nov-2017. Duong C, Quach K, Luu K, Le T and Savvides M (2017) Temporal Non-volume Preserving Approach to Facial Age-Progression and Age-Invariant Face Recognition 2017 IEEE International Conference on Computer Vision (ICCV), 10.1109/ICCV.2017.403, 978-1-5386-1032-9, (3755-3763) Antipov G, Baccouche M and Dugelay J (2017) Boosting cross-age face verification via generative age normalization 2017 IEEE International Joint Conference on Biometrics (IJCB), 10.1109/BTAS.2017.8272698, 978-1-5386-1124-1, (191-199) Choi S, Jo J, Lee S, Choi H, Kim I and Kim J (2017) Age face simulation using aging functions on global and local features with residual images, Expert Systems with Applications, 10.1016/j.eswa.2017.03.008, 80, (107-125), Online publication date: 1-Sep-2017. Wantz A, Lobmaier J, Mast F and Senn W (2016) Spatial But Not Oculomotor Information Biases Perceptual Memory: Evidence From Face Perception and Cognitive Modeling, Cognitive Science, 10.1111/cogs.12437, 41:6, (1533-1554), Online publication date: 1-Aug-2017. Heravi F and Nait-Ali A (2017) A 3D dynamic shape model to simulate rejuvenation & ageing trajectory of 3D face images 2017 2nd International Conference on Bio-Engineering for Smart Technologies (BioSMART), 10.1109/BIOSMART.2017.8095315, 978-1-5386-0706-0, (1-5) Sutherland C, Rhodes G and Young A (2017) Facial Image Manipulation, Social Psychological and Personality Science, 10.1177/1948550617697176, 8:5, (538-551), Online publication date: 1-Jul-2017. Zhang Z, Song Y and Qi H (2017) Age Progression/Regression by Conditional Adversarial Autoencoder 2017 IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR), 10.1109/CVPR.2017.463, 978-1-5386-0457-1, (4352-4360) Pausch N and Katsoulis D (2017) Gender-specific evaluation of variation of maxillary exposure when smiling, Journal of Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery, 10.1016/j.jcms.2017.03.002, 45:6, (913-920), Online publication date: 1-Jun-2017. Boltz M (2017) Facial biases on vocal perception and memory, Acta Psychologica, 10.1016/j.actpsy.2017.04.013, 177, (54-68), Online publication date: 1-Jun-2017. Agustsson E, Timofte R, Escalera S, Baro X, Guyon I and Rothe R (2017) Apparent and Real Age Estimation in Still Images with Deep Residual Regressors on Appa-Real Database 2017 12th IEEE International Conference on Automatic Face & Gesture Recognition (FG 2017), 10.1109/FG.2017.20, 978-1-5090-4023-0, (87-94) Valente D, da Silva J, Lerias A, Rossi D and Padoin A (2017) Validation of a Method for Estimation of Facial Age by Plastic Surgeons, JAMA Facial Plastic Surgery, 10.1001/jamafacial.2016.1390, 19:2, (133-138), Online publication date: 1-Mar-2017. Aydogdu M, Celik V and Demirci M (2017) Comparison of Three Different CNN Architectures for Age Classification 2017 IEEE 11th International Conference on Semantic Computing (ICSC), 10.1109/ICSC.2017.61, 978-1-5090-4284-5, (372-377) Nkengne A, Stamatas G and Bertin C (2017) Facial Skin Attributes and Age Perception Textbook of Aging Skin, 10.1007/978-3-662-47398-6_91, (1689-1700), . Bukar A, Ugail H and Hussain N (2017) On Facial Age Progression Based on Modified Active Appearance Models with Face Texture Advances in Computational Intelligence Systems, 10.1007/978-3-319-46562-3_30, (465-479), . Sagonas C, Panagakis Y, Arunkumar S, Ratha N and Zafeiriou S (2016) Back to the future: A fully automatic method for robust age progression 2016 23rd International Conference on Pattern Recognition (ICPR), 10.1109/ICPR.2016.7900297, 978-1-5090-4847-2, (4226-4231) Essa E (2016) Sparse random encoder for age invariant face recognition 2016 11th International Conference on Computer Engineering & Systems (ICCES), 10.1109/ICCES.2016.7821994, 978-1-5090-3267-9, (167-171) Tuna T, Akbas E, Aksoy A, Canbaz M, Karabiyik U, Gonen B and Aygun R (2016) User characterization for online social networks, Social Network Analysis and Mining, 10.1007/s13278-016-0412-3, 6:1, Online publication date: 1-Dec-2016. Li J, Oksama L and Hyönä J (2016) How facial attractiveness affects sustained attention, Scandinavian Journal of Psychology, 10.1111/sjop.12304, 57:5, (383-392), Online publication date: 1-Oct-2016. Sormaz M, Young A and Andrews T (2016) Contributions of feature shapes and surface cues to the recognition of facial expressions, Vision Research, 10.1016/j.visres.2016.07.002, 127, (1-10), Online publication date: 1-Oct-2016. Shu X, Xie G, Li Z and Tang J (2016) Age progression: Current technologies and applications, Neurocomputing, 10.1016/j.neucom.2016.01.101, 208, (249-261), Online publication date: 1-Oct-2016. (2016) References Statistical Shape Analysis, with Applications in R, 10.1002/9781119072492.refs, (407-447) Kiiski H, Cullen B, Clavin S and Newell F (2016) Perceptual and Social Attributes Underlining Age-Related Preferences for Faces, Frontiers in Human Neuroscience, 10.3389/fnhum.2016.00437, 10 Ferenchak N (2016) Pedestrian age and gender in relation to crossing behavior at midblock crossings in India, Journal of Traffic and Transportation Engineering (English Edition), 10.1016/j.jtte.2015.12.001, 3:4, (345-351), Online publication date: 1-Aug-2016. Escalera S, Bagheri M, Valstar M, Torres M, Martinez B, Baro X, Escalante H, Guyon I, Tzimiropoulos G, Corneanu C and Oliu M (2016) ChaLearn Looking at People and Faces of the World: Face AnalysisWorkshop and Challenge 2016 2016 IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition: Workshops (CVPRW), 10.1109/CVPRW.2016.93, 978-1-5090-1437-8, (706-713) Fan Y, Guthrie A and Levinson D (2016) Waiting time perceptions at transit stops and stations: Effects of basic amenities, gender, and security, Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, 10.1016/j.tra.2016.04.012, 88, (251-264), Online publication date: 1-Jun-2016. Hayes S (2015) Faces in the museum: revising the methods of facial reconstructions, Museum Management and Curatorship, 10.1080/09647775.2015.1054417, 31:3, (218-245), Online publication date: 26-May-2016. Grd P and Baca M (2016) Creating a face database for age estimation and classification 2016 39th International Convention on Information and Communication Technology, Electronics and Microelectronics (MIPRO), 10.1109/MIPRO.2016.7522353, 978-953-233-086-1, (1371-1374) Smith H, Dunn A, Baguley T and Stacey P (2016) Concordant Cues in Faces and Voices, Evolutionary Psychology, 10.1177/1474704916630317, 14:1, (147470491663031), Online publication date: 1-Mar-2016. Rathore S and Sehgal S (2016) Human age estimation using AGES pattern 2016 6th International Conference - Cloud System and Big Data Engineering (Confluence), 10.1109/CONFLUENCE.2016.7508174, 978-1-4673-8203-8, (513-517) Albohn D and Adams R (2016) Social Vision Neuroimaging Personality, Social Cognition, and Character, 10.1016/B978-0-12-800935-2.00008-7, (159-186), . Lampinen J, Erickson W, Frowd C and Mahoney G (2016) Estimating the Appearance of the Missing: Forensic Age Progression in the Search for Missing Persons Handbook of Missing Persons, 10.1007/978-3-319-40199-7_17, (251-269), . Stephen I and Perrett D (2015) Color and face perception Handbook of Color Psychology, 10.1017/CBO9781107337930.029, (585-602) Bharat G and Kumar B (2015) An Estimation of Human Age Group Based on Facial Edge Image Patterns, i-manager's Journal on Image Processing, 10.26634/jip.2.4.3685, 2:4, (1-9), Online publication date: 15-Dec-2015. Ganel T (2015) Smiling makes you look older, Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 10.3758/s13423-015-0822-7, 22:6, (1671-1677), Online publication date: 1-Dec-2015. Bouchrika I, Harrati N, Ladjailia A and Khedairia S (2015) Age estimation from facial images based on hierarchical feature selection 2015 16th International Conference on Sciences and Techniques of Automatic Control and Computer Engineering (STA), 10.1109/STA.2015.7505156, 978-1-4673-9234-1, (393-397) Bouchrika I, Ladjailia A, Harrati N and Khedairia S (2015) Automated clustering and estimation of age groups from face images using the local binary pattern operator 2015 4th International Conference on Electrical Engineering (ICEE), 10.1109/INTEE.2015.7416714, 978-1-4673-6673-1, (1-4) Escalera S, Fabian J, Pardo P, Baro X, Gonzalez J, Escalante H, Misevic D, Steiner U and Guyon I (2015) ChaLearn Looking at People 2015: Apparent Age and Cultural Event Recognition Datasets and Results 2015 IEEE International Conference on Computer Vision Workshop (ICCVW), 10.1109/ICCVW.2015.40, 978-1-4673-9711-7, (243-251) Shu X, Tang J, Lai H, Liu L and Yan S (2015) Personalized Age Progression with Aging Dictionary 2015 IEEE International Conference on Computer Vision (ICCV), 10.1109/ICCV.2015.452, 978-1-4673-8391-2, (3970-3978) Batres C, Re D and Perrett D (2015) Influence of Perceived Height, Masculinity, and Age on Each Other and on Perceptions of Dominance in Male Faces, Perception, 10.1177/0301006615596898, 44:11, (1293-1309), Online publication date: 1-Nov-2015. Bukar A, Ugail H and Connah D (2015) Individualised model of facial age synthesis based on constrained regression 2015 International Conference on Image Processing Theory, Tools and Applications (IPTA), 10.1109/IPTA.2015.7367147, 978-1-4799-8636-1, (285-290) Komes J, Schweinberger S and Wiese H (2015) Neural correlates of cognitive aging during the perception of facial age: the role of relatively distant and local texture information, Frontiers in Psychology, 10.3389/fpsyg.2015.01420, 6 Short L, Proietti V and Mondloch C (2015) Representing young and older adult faces: Shared or age-specific prototypes?, Visual Cognition, 10.1080/13506285.2015.1115794, 23:8, (939-956), Online publication date: 14-Sep-2015. Martin D, Swainson R, Slessor G, Hutchison J, Marosi D and Cunningham S (2015) The simultaneous extraction of multiple social categories from unfamiliar faces, Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 10.1016/j.jesp.2015.03.009, 60, (51-58), Online publication date: 1-Sep-2015. Alonso-Prieto E, Oruç I, Rubino C, Zhu M, Handy T and Barton J (2015) Interactions between the perception of age and ethnicity in faces: an event-related potential study, Cognitive Neuropsychology, 10.1080/02643294.2015.1061981, 32:6, (368-384), Online publication date: 18-Aug-2015. Wang Z, He X and Liu F (2015) Examining the Effect of Smile Intensity on Age Perceptions, Psychological Reports, 10.2466/07.PR0.117c10z7, 117:1, (188-205), Online publication date: 1-Aug-2015. Escalera S, Gonzalez J, Baro X, Pardo P, Fabian J, Oliu M, Escalante H, Huerta I and Guyon I (2015) ChaLearn looking at people 2015 new competitions: Age estimation and cultural event recognition 2015 International Joint Conference on Neural Networks (IJCNN), 10.1109/IJCNN.2015.7280614, 978-1-4799-1960-4, (1-8) Han H, Otto C, Liu X and Jain A Demographic Estimation from Face Images: Human vs. Machine Performance, IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence, 10.1109/TPAMI.2014.2362759, 37:6, (1148-1161) Osman Ali A, Sagayan V, Saeed A, Ameen H and Aziz A (2015) Age‐invariant face recognition system using combined shape and texture features, IET Biometrics, 10.1049/iet-bmt.2014.0018, 4:2, (98-115), Online publication date: 1-Jun-2015. Bortolon C, Capdevielle D and Raffard S (2015) Face recognition in schizophrenia disorder: A comprehensive review of behavioral, neuroimaging and neurophysiological studies, Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews, 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2015.03.006, 53, (79-107), Online publication date: 1-Jun-2015. Pollard K, Tran P and Letowski T (2015) The effect of vocal and demographic traits on speech intelligibility over bone conduction, The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 10.1121/1.4916689, 137:4, (2060-2069), Online publication date: 1-Apr-2015. Ali S, Darbar Z and Junejo K (2015) Age estimation from facial images using biometric ratios and wrinkle analysis 2015 5th National Symposium on Information Technology: Towards New Smart World (NSITNSW), 10.1109/NSITNSW.2015.7176403, 978-1-4799-7626-3, (1-5) Jenkins M, Gross G, Bisantz A and Nagi R (2015) Towards context aware data fusion: Modeling and integration of situationally qualified human observations to manage uncertainty in a hard+soft fusion process, Information Fusion, 10.1016/j.inffus.2013.04.011, 21, (130-144), Online publication date: 1-Jan-

Referência(s)