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A Review of Polychlorinated Dibenzofurans and Polychlorinated Dibenzodioxins in Sediments in the United States and International Waterways

1994; Mary Ann Liebert, Inc.; Volume: 11; Issue: 2 Linguagem: Inglês

10.1089/hwm.1994.11.253

2331-4591

Ann N. Clarke, M. Maria Megehee, Donna L. Lowe, James H. Clarke,

Pesticide and Herbicide Environmental Studies

Polychlorinated dibenzodioxins, PCDDs, and polychlorinated dibenzofurans, PCDFs, have the potential to accumulate in sediments given their low water solubilities and correspondingly high sorbent potential to solids. There are numerous sources of these compounds which include not only waste products from current or past manufacturing of specific industrial and agriculture chemicals but also a variety of combustion processes including municipal incinerators, automobile and truck exhaust, and wood-burning stoves, among others. Consequently, there has been a corresponding interest in the potential presence of PCDDs and PCDFs in the sediments of major harbors, rivers, and lakes. This paper presents a comprehensive review of sediment quality data for PCDDs and PCDFs for major surface water bodies in the US and abroad. The data sources include interviews with government agencies in the US and Canada as well as peer reviewed literature and technical reports. The paper includes Type I data which provide only the 2,3,7,8-TCDD concentrations on a dry weight basis. Wherever possible, Type II data have been presented which include the 2,3,7,8-TCDD concentrations on dry weight plus a calculated toxicity equivalency. The TEs were calculated using the 1989 USEPA factors. Also provided, for Type II data, are the locations where the samples were taken, the dates of the sampling events, and the depths of the sediment when provided. While it is known that there is no simple predictive relationship between the 2,3,7,8-TCDD concentration and the TE value, the very high TEs calculated for several samples from various types of surface water with low or non-detected 2,3,7,8-TCDD concentrations are unexpected. Examples taken from the tables presented in this paper highlight this unanticipated relationship.