The Founding Father and the General: David Ben-Gurion and Moshe Dayan
2011; Taylor & Francis; Volume: 47; Issue: 6 Linguagem: Inglês
10.1080/00263206.2010.516990
ISSN1743-7881
Autores Tópico(s)Memory, Trauma, and Commemoration
ResumoClick to increase image sizeClick to decrease image size Notes 1. The paramilitary defence organization of the Yishuv, the modern Jewish community in Eretz Israel. 2. M. Dayan, Story of My Life (New York: Warner Books, 1977), p.99. 3. For instance, on 5 Nov. 1939 he wrote: ‘The condemned are … with a clear record beyond reproach,’ Ben-Gurion Heritage Archives [BGHA], Sede Boqer. 4. Ben-Gurion, Diary, 27 May 1948. 5. Ben-Gurion wrote in his diary, on 22 July 1948: ‘Moshe will go up to Jerusalem.’ The decision had been taken in late June. 6. E. Tzur, Guardian of Israel: The Life of David Shaltiel (Tel Aviv: Ministry of Defense Press, 2001), pp.39, 209 (Hebrew). 7. S. Teveth, Moshe Dayan: The Soldier, the Man, the Legend (London, 1972), p.163. 8. Ibid., p.162. 9. See, for example, the minutes of the Mapai Central Committee, 8 Jan. 1948, Labour Party Archives, Beit Berl, 23/48. 10. For example, on 13 Dec. 1948 he confided to his diary that two battalion commanders in the Yiftah Brigade (Moshe Netzer and Assaf Simhoni) were ‘our commanders’, that is, Mapai members, and added that ‘we are amazed that until now there is no brigade commander of Yiftah from among our members’. 11. Teveth, Moshe Dayan, p.164. 12. I. Levy, Jerusalem in the War of Independence (Tel Aviv: Ministry of Defense Press, 1986), 405 (Hebrew). Levy, better known as ‘Levitza’, was one of the senior commanders in Jerusalem during the War of Independence. 13. J. Heller, The Stern Gang: Ideology, Politics and Terror, 1940–1949 (London: Frank Cass, 1995), pp.230–31. 14. Levy, Jerusalem, p.405. 15. ‘I Saw the District Commander’, Yediot Aharonot, 29 Aug. 1948 (Hebrew). 16. The nickname of Capt. Ya'akov Granek (1923–48), a Lehi combatant who was a company commander in Dayan's regiment. 17. Dayan, Story of My Life, p.149. 18. Minutes of the cabinet meeting, 29 Nov. 1953, Israel State Archives (ISA). 19. The Hebrew term porshim – dissidents, or secessionists who refused to recognize the authority of the central organs of the Yishuv – was used to denote the IZL and Lehi. 20. After the establishment of Israel in May 1948, all IZL and Lehi units were disbanded except for those in Jerusalem, which was still not part of the state. 21. See Y. Weitz, From Militant Underground to Poliltical Party, 1947–1949 (Sede Boqer: Ben Gurion Institute, 2001), pp.120–33 (Hebrew). 22. Count Folke Bernadotte (1895–1948) was a Swedish diplomat who mediated between Israel and the Arab countries on behalf of the UN. Many years after the event, it became known that the assassin was Yehoshua Cohen, later a member of Kibbutz Sede Boqer and for many years a close friend of Ben-Gurion. 23. Nine voted in favour, and three abstained. 24. Ben-Gurion, Diary, 19 Sept. 1948. 25. Dayan, Story of My Life, p.156. 26. He was no. 10 in the list, while Mapai received 46 seats in the Knesset. 27. The others were Assaf Simhoni, Moshe Netzer, and Yoel Palgi. 28. Teveth, Moshe Dayan, p. 172. 29. Dayan, Story of My Life, p. 156. 30. Minutes of the Cabinet meeting, 29 Nov. 1953, ISA. 31. Replacing Ya'akov Dori, the IDF's first GCS. 32. ‘Changes in the Highest Echelons [of the Army] Formally Sanctioned’, Al Hamishmar, 10 Nov. 1949 (Hebrew). 33. He wrote about changes in the IDF higher command and the appointment of the CGS only once, in an entry for 24 Oct. 1949. 34. Dayan, Story of My Life, p.186. In the original Hebrew version of his autobiography, Dayan added: ‘but most of them did not want to stay on’; see M. Dayan, Milestones: Autobiography (Tel Aviv: Edanim Publishers, 1976), p.93 (Hebrew). 35. Rabin to Allon, 10 Oct. 1949, in Y. Rosenthal (ed.), Yitzhak Rabin – Prime Minister of Israel (1974–1977, 1992–1995): Selected Documents, vol.1 (Jerusalem: Israel State Archives, 2005), p.54 (Hebrew). 36. Rabin to Allon, 23 Oct. 1949, ibid., p.58. 37. A. Bareli, Mapai in Israel's Early Independence 1948–1953 (Jerusalem: Yad Ben Zvi Press, 2007), p.194 (Hebrew). 38. Ben-Gurion, Diary, 24 Nov. 1952. 39. The formal ceremony was held about two weeks later, on 7 Dec. 1952. 40. Ben-Gurion, Diary, 29 Nov. 1952. 41. Sharett was also the foreign minister, a role he filled from the establishment of Israel. 42. By way of comparison, Yadin notified Ben-Gurion of his resignation only two weeks before his replacement. 43. Sharett, diary entry for 12 Oct. 1953; see M. Sharett, Personal Diary (Tel Aviv: Maariv Press, 1978), p.29 (Hebrew). 44. Diary entry for 21 Oct. 1953, ibid., 87. 45. Minutes of the Cabinet meeting, 29 Nov. 1953, ISA. More praise of Dayan by Ben-Gurion at this meeting has already been quoted; see at note 30 above. 46. He refers to the Mapai ministers. 47. Minister of social welfare and religious affairs, and leader of Hapoel Hamizrahi. 48. Entry for 29 Nov. 1953, Sharett, Personal Diary, p.202. 49. ‘Moshe Dayan Leaves Mapai's Central Committee’, Ma'ariv, 2 Dec. 1953 (Hebrew). This was the front-page headline of that issue. 50. Rokach was minister of the interior and a leading member of the General Zionists. 51. Minister of transport and another leading member of the General Zionists. 52. Minutes of the Cabinet meeting, 29 Nov. 1953, ISA. 53. Entry for 29 Nov. 1953, Sharett, Personal Diary, p.202. 54. 27 Jan. 1958, Correspondence files, BGHA. After his resignation from the government in late 1953, Ben-Gurion returned as minister of defence in 1955, and was soon re-elected as prime minister. 55. French Foreign Minister Christian Pineau proposed a withdrawal procedure from the Gaza Strip, which Ben-Gurion accepted. In included several conditions, one of which was that the UN forces would not leave the Strip. 56. Ben-Gurion, Diary, 28 Feb. 1957. 57. Teveth, Moshe Dayan, p.281. 58. M. Bar-On, The Gates of Gaza: Israel's Road to Suez and Back, 1955–1957 (New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 1994), p.310. 59. The meeting was held on 10 March 1957. 60. Ben-Gurion, Diary, 25 Oct. 1957. 61. Ibid., 16 Dec. 1957. 62. H. Canaan, ‘Dayan Discharged, Laskov Appointed Chief of the General Staff’, Ha-Aretz, 27 Jan. 1958 (Hebrew). 63. Minutes of the cabinet meeting, 26 Jan. 1958. 64. Carmel had been imprisoned in Acre together with Dayan. 65. Ben-Gurion, Diary, 14 Dec. 1957. 66. Ibid., 3 May 1958. 67. ‘The Youth Seek Leaders’, Yediot Aharonot, 27 Aug. 1958 (Hebrew). 68. Teveth, Moshe Dayan, pp.286–7. 69. ‘The Youth Seek Leaders.’ 70. Ehud [Avriel?], ‘Are the “Youngsters” Revolting?’, Davar, 13 June 1958 (Hebrew). 71. ‘Ben-Gurion: Dayan is a Renowned Military Commander’, Davar, 8 June 1958 (Hebrew). 72. Yediot Aharonot, 13 July 1958 (Hebrew). 73. ‘The Youth Seek Leaders.’ 74. Ben-Gurion, Diary, 20 May 1958. 75. Ibid., 31 Dec. 1958; see also Teveth, Moshe Dayan, p.290. 76. As ambassador in Washington, 1950–59, and ambassador to the UN, 1949–59. 77. Y. Almogi, Total Commitment (Jerusalem: Edanim Publishers, 1980), p.162 (Hebrew). Almogi (1910–91) was a leading member of Mapai, serving its secretary (1959–61) and for many years as a cabinet minister. 78. He was number 13, right behind Giora Josephthal and Abba Eban. 79. Ben-Gurion, Diary, 3 Nov. 1959. All four attributes of Dayan began with the letter alef, the first letter of the Hebrew alphabet. 80. The others were Giora Josephthal as labour minister and Abba Eban as minister without portfolio. 81. See the editorial: ‘D. Ben-Gurion's Cabinet’, Ma'ariv, 15 Dec. 1959 (Hebrew). 82. Dayan, Story of My Life, p.332. 83. In July 1954 a cell of Israeli Intelligence firebombed several British and American installations in Egypt's major cities; it was uncovered and its members taken prisoner. They were sentenced to long terms in prison, and two of them were executed. In Israel, the question asked was ‘Who gave the order?’: Minister of Defence Lavon, or the Chief of military intelligence in the General Staff, Colonel Binyamin Gibli. An enquiry commission was appointed, and although it was unable to come to a conclusion Lavon was forced to resign. In 1960 Lavon received new information, on the basis of which he demanded that Ben-Gurion clear him of responsibility. Ben-Gurion's refusal to do so led to the eruption of the ‘Lavon Affair’. 84. Teveth, Moshe Dayan, p.305. Ben-Gurion and his supporters maintained that it was Lavon who gave the order. 85. 26 Feb. 1961, Correspondence files, BGHA. 86. A. Eilon, ‘Eshkol's Government of Old Men’, Ha-Aretz, 24 June 1963 (Hebrew). 87. Ibid. 88. Ben-Gurion referred to the resignation in one short sentence: ‘Moshe Dayan resigned from the government,’ Ben-Gurion, Diary, 5 Nov. 1964. 89. Ma'ariv, 6 Nov. 1964 (Hebrew). 90. Dayan, Story of My Life, p.343. 91. Editorial: ‘Moshe Dayan Leaves the Government’, Ha-Aretz, 5 Nov. 1964 (Hebrew). 92. Editorial: ‘Dayan's Resignation’, Ma'ariv, 5 Nov. 1964 (Hebrew). 93. Ben-Gurion, Diary, 27 June 1965: ‘I invited Moshe Dayan for a discussion tomorrow morning. I want to understand the real reasons behind his refusal. I may be able to convince him to join the list.’ 94. Ben-Gurion, Diary, 28 June 1965; a few weeks earlier, Ben-Gurion had written: ‘Shimon believes that Moshe is split within himself. He may leave completely’; Ben-Gurion, Diary, 11 June 1965. 95. Held on 29 June 1965. 96. Ben-Gurion noted that when Dayan entered the Habima Theatre, where Rafi was holding a rally, those present received him with ‘enthusiastic shouting’; Ben-Gurion, Diary, 22 July 1965. 97. In mid-August 1965, after Dayan returned from a visit to East Africa, Ben-Gurion wrote that ‘he is not willing to meet me’; ibid., 17 Aug. 1965. 98. ‘M. Dayan, Z. Zur, and T. Kollek Will Be on Rafi's List for the Knesset’, Ha-Aretz, 6 Sept. 1965 (Hebrew). The final date for submitting lists of candidates was 8 Sept. 99. Editorial: ‘Dayan Returns to the Political Arena’, Ha-Aretz, 6 Sept. 1965 (Hebrew). 100. Teveth, Moshe Dayan, p.310. 101. The details of this meeting are based on Ben-Gurion, Diary, 3 Sept. 1965; Teveth, Moshe Dayan, pp.314–15. 102. Rafi received 95,328 of the 1,206,738 valid votes, i.e., 7.9 per cent. 103. Ben-Gurion, Diary, 4 April 1967. 104. When he was offered as the post of minister of defence in Eshkol's government, Ben-Gurion refused, but noted in his diary: ‘But if there will be agreement, I will propose Moshe as minister of defense … he will perhaps be a better minister of defense than myself’; ibid., 25 May 1967. 105. Haim Yisraeli, head of the minister of defence's bureau, came to inform Ben-Gurion of the cabinet's decision to attack; ibid., 4 June 1967. 106. Ibid., 8 June 1967. 107. Dayan, Story of My Life, p.530. 108. Ma'ariv, 2 Dec. 1973 (Hebrew). 109. Among these were Shimon Peres, Jerusalem's Mayor Teddy Kollek, and Yitzhak Navon, the fifth president of the State of Israel. 110. Sharon was born in 1928 in a moshav, Kefar Malal.
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