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BIBTEX RIS

Biodiesel wastes: An abundant and promising source for the preparation of acidic catalysts for utilization in etherification reaction

2014; Elsevier BV; Volume: 256; Linguagem: Inglês

10.1016/j.cej.2014.07.013

1873-3212

Maraísa Gonçalves, Michelle Mantovani, Wagner A. Carvalho, Raphael Rodrigues, Dalmo Mandelli, Joaquín Silvestre‐Albero,

Biodiesel Production and Applications

Environmentally friendly sulfonated black carbon (BC) catalysts were prepared from biodiesel waste, glycerol. These black carbons (BCs) contain a high amount of acidic groups, mainly sulfonated and oxygenated groups. Furthermore, these catalysts show a high catalytic activity in the glycerol etherification reaction with tert-butyl alcohol, the activity being larger for the sample prepared with a higher glycerol:sulfuric acid ratio (1:3). The yield for mono-tert-butyl glycerol (MTBG), di-tert-butyl glycerol (DTBG) and tri-tert-butyl-glycerol (TTBG) were very similar to those obtained using a commercial resin, Amberlyst-15. Furthermore, experimental results show that the carbon with the lowest acidic surface group content, BC prepared in minor glycerol:sulfuric acid ratio (10:1), can be chemically treated after carbonization to achieve an improved catalytic activity. The activity of all BCs is high and very similar, about 50% and 20% for the MTBG and DTBG + TTBG, respectively.