Al-Qaeda and the Rise of China: Jihadi Geopolitics in a Post-Hegemonic World
2011; Taylor & Francis; Volume: 34; Issue: 3 Linguagem: Inglês
10.1080/0163660x.2011.588091
ISSN1530-9177
Autores Tópico(s)Asian Geopolitics and Ethnography
ResumoClick to increase image sizeClick to decrease image size Notes 1. Abu Mus'ab al-Suri, The Call to Global Islamic Resistance, p. 727. 2. Al-Suri's general assessment of the Taliban's reasoning was echoed by Abdul Salam Zaeef, the Taliban ambassador to Pakistan before 9/11. See Abdul Salam Zaeef, My Life With the Taliban, eds. Alex Strick van Linschoten and Felix Kuehn (New York: Columbia University Press, 2010), p. 135. 3. Hamid Mir, “Interview with Usama bin Laden,” Pakistan, March 18, 1997. 4. Abu Shiraz, “May 1998 Interview with Bin Laden,” Pakistan, February 20, 1999. See also Rahimullah Yusufzai, “In the Way of Allah,” The News, June 15, 1998. 5. Interview with Hassan Mahsum, Radio Free Asia, January 22, 2002. 6. Interview with Hassan Mahsum, Radio Free Asia, January 22, 2002. 7. Al-Suri, p. 1113. 8. Al-Suri, p. 714. 9. Hamid al-Ali, “Return to the Cold War,” October 19, 2007, www.h-alali.com. 10. Hamid al-Ali, “Post 9/11 World,” Ana al-Muslim, September 11, 2008. 11. Hamid al-Ali, “What is Behind the Growth of China?” March 21, 2008, www.h-alali.com. 12. Hamid al-Ali, “What is Behind the Growth of China?” March 21, 2008, www.h-alali.com. 13. Degang Sun, “China and the Global Jihad Network,” The Journal of the Middle East and Africa 1, no. 2, pp. 196–207. 14. Akram Hijazi, “China Under the Microscope of the Salafi Jihad,” August 15, 2007, www.drakramhijazi.maktooblog.com. 15. Akram Hijazi, “Chinese Slaps,” Tahadi Islamic Network, May 18, 2010. 16. Kirk Sowell, “Promoting Jihad Against China: The Turkistani Islamic Party in Arabic Jihadist Media,” An Independent Report Commissioned by Sky News, August 1, 2010, http://www.kirksowell.com/Content/Documents/TIP%20Special%20Report.pdf. 17. “Our Blessed Jihad,” Turkistan Islamic Party Voice of Islam Information Center, July 23, 2008. 18. “Turkistan Islamic Party Statement,” released by al-Fajr Media Center, February 26, 2009. 19. Abd-al-Haqq Turkistani, “China's Massacres and Barbarism Will Not Go Unpunished,” al-Fajr Media Center, July 31, 2009. 20. Chris Zambelis, “Uighur Dissent and Militancy in China's Xinjiang Province,” CTC Sentinel 3, no. 1 (January 2010). 21. Abu Yahya al-Libi, “East Turkistan: The Forgotten Wound,” As-Sahab Media Center, October 6, 2009. 22. Sowell, “Promoting Jihad Against China.” 23. Edward Wong, “Chinese Separatists Tied to Norway Bomb,” The New York Times, July 9, 2010, http://www.nytimes.com/2010/07/10/world/asia/10uighur.html; Walter Gibbs and John Acher, “Suspects Admit Bomb Plots in Denmark, Norway: Police,” Reuters, September 28, 2010, http://af.reuters.com/article/worldNews/idAFTRE68R5AR20100928. 24. For more discussion of these trends, see: Thomas Hegghammer, “The Ideological Hybridization of Jihadi Groups,” Current Trends in Islamist Ideology, vol. 9, November 18, 2009, http://www.currenttrends.org/research/detail/the-ideological-hybridization-of-jihadi-groups. 25. For an excellent discussion of Chinese policy in South Asia since 2001, see Andrew Small, “China's Caution on Afghanistan-Pakistan,” The Washington Quarterly 33, no. 3 (July 2010): pp. 81-97, http://twq.com/10july/docs/10jul_Small.pdf. 26. Gardner Bovingdon, The Uyghurs: Strangers in their Own Land (New York: Columbia University Press, 2010), p. 141. 27. Gardner Bovingdon, The Uyghurs: Strangers in their Own Land (New York: Columbia University Press, 2010), p. 143. 28. Gardner Bovingdon, The Uyghurs: Strangers in their Own Land (New York: Columbia University Press, 2010), p. 143. 29. Gardner Bovingdon, The Uyghurs: Strangers in their Own Land (New York: Columbia University Press, 2010), p. 145. 30. Steve Coll, Ghost Wars (New York: Penguin Books, 2004), p. 66; Small, “China's Caution on Afghanistan-Pakistan.” 31. At the meeting, Mullah Omar reportedly assured the Chinese ambassador that ETIM would not be allowed to attack China from Afghanistan. See: Syed Saleem Shahzad, “Secrets of the Taliban's Success,” The Asia Times, September 11, 2008, http://www.atimes.com/atimes/South_Asia/JI11Df01.html. 32. Zaeef, p. 135. 33. “Chinese Foreign Ministry Spokesperson on the Reported Relations Between China and Taliban,” September 15, 2001, http://www.china-un.org/eng/chinaandun/securitycouncil/thematicissues/counterterrorism/t26904.htm. 34. Arienne M. Dwyer, “The Xinjiang Conflict: Uyghur Identity, Language Policy, and Political Discourse,” East-West Center Washington, Policy Studies 15 (2005), http://www.eastwestcenter.org/fileadmin/stored/pdfs/PS015.pdf; Chinese officials often use the construction of the “three evils,” meaning “terrorism, separatism, and extremism.” 35. Information Office of the State Council, “‘East Turkistan’ Terrorist Forces Cannot Get Away with Impunity,” Xinhua, January 21, 2002, http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/2002-01/21/content_247082.htm. 36. Information Office of the State Council, “‘East Turkistan’ Terrorist Forces Cannot Get Away with Impunity,” Xinhua, January 21, 2002, http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/2002-01/21/content_247082.htm. 37. For designation, see Shirley A. Kan, “U.S.-China Counterterrorism Cooperation: Issues for U.S. Policy,” CRS Report for Congress, renowned RL33001, updated September 11, 2008, http://fpc.state.gov/documents/organization/110764.pdf; “Press Statement on the UN Designation of the Eastern Turkistan Islamic Movement,” U.S. Department of the Treasury Press Release, September 12, 2002. 38. Bovingdon, pp. 135–136. 39. Warren Richey, “Innocent, but in limbo at Guantanamo,” The Christian Science Monitor, February 13, 2006, http://www.csmonitor.com/2006/0213/p03s03-usju.html. 40. Anthony Kuhn, “U.S., China Debate Over Uighur Guantanamo Detainees,” NPR, February 20, 2009, http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=100790460. 41. “Chinese Premier Urges Upgrading China-Arab Cooperation,” Xinhua, May 14, 2010, http://news.xinhuanet.com/english2010/china/2010-05/14/c_13293384.htm. 42. William Wallis and Tom Burgis, “Continent Drives a Harder Bargain,” Financial Times, June 14, 2010, http://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/85632536-74ed-11df-aed7-00144feabdc0.html. 43. See Abigail Hauslohner, “In the Middle East, Little Outcry Over China's Uighurs,” Time, July 17, 2009, http://www.time.com/time/world/article/0,8599,1911002,00.html. 44. For more on Arab and Chinese ties, see Chris Zambelis and Brandon Gentry, “China through Arab Eyes: American Influence in the Middle East,” Parameters 38, no. 1 (Spring 2008): pp. 60–72. 45. Shibley Telhami, “2010 Arab Public Opinion Poll,” Brookings Institute, August 5, 2010, http://www.brookings.edu/~/media/Files/rc/reports/2010/08_arab_opinion_poll_telhami/08_arab_opinion_poll_telhami.pdf. 46. For more on Chinese relations with the Arab world and the impact of China's conflict with the Uyghurs, see Charles Horner and Eric Brown, “Beijing's Islamic Complex,” The American Interest, May-June 2010, http://www.the-american-interest.com/article-bd.cfm?piece=805. 47. Rowena Mason, “How the U.S. Aims to Reduce Iran's Oil-Barter Power,” The Daily Telegraph, December 6, 2010, http://www.telegraph.co.uk/finance/newsbysector/energy/oilandgas/8182532/How-the-US-aims-to-reduce-Irans-oil-barter-power.html. 48. For U.S. numbers, see http://www.eia.doe.gov/dnav/pet/pet_move_impus_d_nus_NSA_mbblpd_a.htm. For Chinese numbers, see http://www.eia.doe.gov/cabs/china/pdf.pdf. 49. Jad Mouawad, “China's Growth Shifts the Geopolitics of Oil,” The New York Times, March 19, 2010, http://www.nytimes.com/2010/03/20/business/energy-environment/20saudi.html. 50. Jane Macartney, “Al-Qaeda Vows Revenge on China After Riots,” The Times, July 15, 2009, http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/world/asia/article6704812.ece. 51. Small, “China's Caution on Afghanistan-Pakistan.” 52. “Mullen: Pakistan's ISI Spy Agency has ‘Militant Links’,” BBC News, April 21, 2011, http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-south-asia-13153538. 53. Small, “China's Caution on Afghanistan-Pakistan.” Additional informationNotes on contributorsBrian FishmanBrian Fishman is a Counterterrorism Research Fellow at the New America Foundation and Research Fellow at the Combating Terrorism Center at West Point
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