The Proletarian Carlist Road to Fascism: Sindicalismo Libre
1982; SAGE Publishing; Volume: 17; Issue: 4 Linguagem: Inglês
10.1177/002200948201700401
ISSN1461-7250
Autores Tópico(s)Spanish Culture and Identity
ResumoOver the past two decades historians have effectively demolished the myth of the fascist character of the Franco regime and the alleged susceptibility of the Spanish right to radical and fascist blandishments. Jose Antonio's Falange polled a mere 0.7 percent of the vote in the Popular Front elections of 1936.1 Jose Calvo Sotelo, forger of a modernizing authoritarian right, was overshadowed by the Dollfuss-like figure of Jose Maria Gil Robles until the months immediately preceding the Civil War. Above all, the vitality of Carlism under the Republic has been cited as proof of the basically Catholic and traditionalist leanings of much of the Spanish right. By 1900 Carlism's official ideology, formulated in a coherent fashion by Juan Vazquez de Mella, had evolved far beyond the crude throne and altar absolutism from which the movement had sprung in the 1820s and 1830s. Yet while Mella's theories were expressed with great sophistication and detail, they did not represent a Carlist accommodation to the realities of an increasingly urban and industrial nation. The Carlist ethos remained largely pre-modern and rural, rooted in the prosperous peasant society of northern Spain. Inspired by an idealized view of the past, the party advocated a non-dictatorial but authoritarian, decentralized monarchy, and a restructuring of society and economy along paternalistic and neo-feudal Catholic corporatist lines. This was to be accomplished not by social revolution or massive coercion but through the reborn allegiance of the people to their legitimate ruler, the Carlist pretender. This was indeed a world removed from the modernizing, dictatorial, centralizing and basically secular postulates of fascism and the radical right.
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