Artigo Revisado por pares

The Production of Geopolitical and Gendered Images through Global Aid Organisations

2007; Taylor & Francis; Volume: 12; Issue: 4 Linguagem: Inglês

10.1080/14650040701546111

ISSN

1557-3028

Autores

Anke Strüver,

Tópico(s)

Tourism, Volunteerism, and Development

Resumo

Abstract In looking at micro-mechanisms of the production of regionalisations in global governance discourses, this article argues that definitions of global disparities between regions are an outcome of representations. Against the background of "critical geopolitics" and conceptualising representations as space-producing practices, the contribution examines the ways how global aid organisations (re-)produce regionalisations in their campaigns' spatial representations in relation to images of gender. Since critical geopolitics do not provide a consistent methodical research framework, the article also provides a reflection on interpretative approaches in combination with a poststructuralist background as a methodological guide to study spatial representations. In the last section this is exercised in exemplary fashion on illustrative examples in order to deconstruct dominant mechanisms of territorial differentiation and regional order. Notes 1. See, in overview: M. Albert, P. Reuber and G. Wolkersdorfer, 'Kritische Geopolitik', in S. Schieder and M. Spindler (eds.), Theorien der Internationalen Beziehungen (Stuttgart: Leske & Budrich 2004) pp. 505–528. 2. E. Berg and H. van Houtum (eds.), Routing Borders Between Territories, Discourses and Practices (Aldershot: Ashgate 2003); J. P. Jones and W. Natter, 'Space 'and' Representation', in A. Buttimer, S. Brunn and U. Wardenga (eds.), Text and Image. Social Construction of Regional Knowledges (Leipzig: Leibniz-Institut für Länderkunde 1999) pp. 239–247; D. Newman and A. Paasi, 'Fences and Neighbours in the Postmodern World: Boundary Narratives in Political Geography' in: Progress in Human Geography 22 (1998) pp. 186–207; J. Agnew, 'Regions on the Mind Does Not Equal Regions of the Mind', Progress in Human Geography 23/1 (1999) pp. 91–96. 3. J. Agnew, 'From the Political Economy of Regions to Regional Political Economy', Progress in Human Geography 24/1 (2000) pp. 101–110 (quoted from p. 107). 4. G. O'Tuathail and S. Dalby, Rethinking Geopolitics (London: Routledge 1998) p. 4. See also K. Dodds, 'Geopolitics and Foreign Policy: Recent Developments in Anglo-American Political Geography and International Relations', Progress in Human Geography 18 (1994) pp. 186–208. 5. See, for example, K. Dodds and J. Sidaway, 'Locating Critical Geopolitics', Environment and Planning D: Society and Space 12 (1994) pp. 515–524; D. Gregory, Geographical Imaginations (Oxford: Blackwell 1994); G. O'Tuathail, Critical Geopolitics: The Politics of Writing Global Space (London: Routledge 1996); O'Tuathail and Dalby (note 4). 6. K. Dodds, Geopolitics in a Changing World (London: Prentice Hall 2000); see also K. Dodds and D. Atkinson (eds.), Geopolitical Traditions. A Century of Geopolitical Thought (London: Routledge 2000) and O'Tuathail and Dalby (note 4). 7. A. Kirby, 'The Construction of Geopolitical Images', in K. Dodds and D. Atkinson (eds.), Geopolitical Traditions: A Century of Geopolitical Thought (London: Routledge 2000) pp. 52–71; J. Sharp, Condensing the Cold War: Reader's Digest and American Identity (Minneapolis, MN: University of Minnesota Press 2000). 8. A. Escobar, Encountering Development (Princeton: Princeton UP 1995); M. Power, Rethinking Development Geographies (London: Routledge 2003). 9. Power (note 8) p. 37 (original emphasis). 10. S. Radcliffe, 'Development and Geography: Towards a Postcolonial Development Geography?', Progress in Human Geography 29/3 (2005) pp. 291–298 (quoted from p. 292); C. McEwan, 'Postcolonialism', in V. Desai and R. Potter (eds.), The Companion to Development Studies (London: Arnold 2002) pp. 219–230. 11. A. Blunt and J. Wills, 'Decolonising Geography: Postcolonial Perspectives', in Dissident Geographies. An Introduction to Critical Ideas and Practice (Harlow: Prentice Hall 2000) pp. 167–201. 12. A. Blunt and Wills (note 11); C. 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Barthes, Mythologies (London: Granada 1973); R. Barthes, Image, Music, Text (London: Fontana 1977). 27. S. Hall, 'Encoding/Decoding', in S. Hall et al. (eds.), Culture, Media, Language (London: Routledge 1980) pp. 128–138; S. Hall, Representation: Cultural Representations and Signifying Practices (London: Sage 1997). 28. J. Sharp (note 7). For a more detailed discussion of representations audiences and their investigation, see also A. Strüver, '"Everyone creates one's own borders": The Dutch-German Borderland as Representation', Geopolitics 9/3 (2004) pp. 627–648. 29. G. Rose, Visual Methodologies (London: Sage 2001). 30. M. Foucault, Power/Knowledge (Brighton: Harvester 1980). 31. M. Foucault, The Order of Things (New York: Vintage 1973). 32. Waitt (note 25). 33. For an overview, see H. Bublitz, A. D. Bührmann, C. Hanke and A. Seier (eds.), Das Wuchern der Diskurse (Frankfurt am Main: Campus 1999); M. J⊘rgensen and L. Phillips, Discourse Analysis as Theory and Method (London: Sage 2002); R. Keller, 'Wissenssoziologische Diskursanalyse', in R. Keller, A. Hirseland and W. Schneider (eds.), Handbuch Sozialwissenschaftliche Diskursanalyse, Band 1: Theorien und Methoden (Opladen: Leske & Budrich 2001) pp. 113–144; R. Keller, 'Der Müll der Gesellschaft. Eine wissenssoziologische Diskursanalyse', in R. Keller, A. Hirseland and W. Schneider (eds.), Handbuch Sozialwissenschaftliche Diskursanalyse, Band 2: Forschungspraxis (Opladen: Leske & Budrich 2003) pp. 197–232. 34. Keller, 'Wissenssoziologische Diskursanalyse' (note 33); R. Keller, 'Der Müll der Gesellschaft. Eine wissenssoziologische Diskursanalyse' (note 33); R. Keller, Diskursforschung (Opladen: Leske+Budrich 2004). 35. For example, S. Jäger, 'Einen Königsweg gibt es nicht. Bemerkungen zur Durchführung von Diskursanalysen', in Bublitz et al. (note 33) pp. 136–147. 36. For example A. Waldschmidt, 'Der Humangenetik-Diskurs der Experten. Erfahrungen mit dem Werkzeugkasten der Diskursanalyse', in Keller et al., Handbuch (note 33) pp. 147–168; in application see also R. Diaz-Bone, 'Probleme und Strategien bei der Operationalisierung des Diskursmodells im Anschluß an Michel Foucault', in Bublitz (note 33) pp. 119–135. R. Diaz-Bone & W. Schneider, 'Qualitative Datensoftwareanalyse in der sozialwissenschaftlichen Diskursanalyse. Zwei Paradebeispiele', in Keller et al., Handbuch (note 33) pp. 457–494. 37. H. L. Dreyfus and P. Rabinow, Michel Foucault: Beyond Structuralism and Hermeneutics (Chicago: UP 1983). 38. T. A. Schwandt, 'Three Epistemological Stances for Qualitative Inquiry: Interpretivism, Hermeneutics, and Social Constructionism', in N. K. Denzin and Y. S. Lincoln (eds.), Handbook of Qualitative Research (London: Sage 2000) pp. 189–213. 39. M. Alvesson and K. Sköldberg, 'Hermeneutics: Interpretation and insight', Reflexive Methodology. New Vistas for Qualitative Research (London: Sage 2000) pp. 52–109. 40. K. Mannheimer, Essays on the Sociology of Knowledge (London: Oxford UP 1952). 41. Keller, Diskursforschung (note 34). 42. "Alice in Wonderland", Original Movie Poster, available at . 43. , accessed 26 Jan. 2007. 44. D. Slater, Geopolitics and the Post-colonial. Rethinking North-South Relations (Oxford: Blackwell 2004) p. 223. 45. D. Gregory, The Colonial Present (Oxford: Blackwell 2004) p. 17.

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