Trends in Digital Music Archiving
2008; Taylor & Francis; Volume: 24; Issue: 4 Linguagem: Inglês
10.1080/01972240802191621
ISSN1087-6537
Autores Tópico(s)Cultural Industries and Urban Development
ResumoAbstract This article assesses changes in the mode of music consumption from record collecting to digital archiving and subscribing to a music service, and argues that the subscription model is unviable. First, it considers the change in the perceived source of value of the music commodity going from tangible to intangible formats. Then, it tracks the trade-offs made by music consumers who exchange purchasing recordings for subscribing to music download and streaming services, and notes the imbalances in favor of the intellectual property rights owners. Then, it analyzes the features that appeal to the collector's psyche enough to capture the collector into a "digital enclosure." It concludes with an analysis of the incommensurability between the activities of the music collector and those of the music service user. Keywords: archivesarchivingcollectingconsumer protectiondigital distributiondigital musicdigital rights managementfandomintellectual property rightsmusicmusic industrymusic service providers Notes 1. This article addresses the activity of music file downloading from online services, and does not address streaming (webcasting, or web radio). 2. Recent attempts to build a "hybrid" pay-P2P service have failed, including the Weedshare program. 3. Walter Benjamin, who identified cultural disenchantment in the substitution of original works of art with mechanically produced, modern reproductions, also linked "original" pieces of art to an authentic "aura." 4. From a webcaster's perspective, music flows are representable as lists. Licensed webcasters are required to submit both playlists and listener logs. 5. Users of unpaid peer-to-peer services are more likely to "gorge" on free music downloads than users of paid music services. "Peer-to-peer networks yielded five billion downloads in 2006, whereas 509 million songs were downloaded from iTunes-style services" (CitationMindlin, 2007). 6. eMusic has distributed DRM free MP3s, and has had financial participation by the major labels. Likewise, EMI promoted supposedly DRM free music on Apple iTunes store, although these tracks retained AAC encoding. Universal Music Group has announced plans to release MP3 versions of selected tracks through its own web site. 7. Cheng, Jacqui, "DRM Sucks Redux: Microsoft to nuke MSN Music DRM Keys," April 22, 2008, ArsTechnica, http://arstechnica.com/news.ars/post/20080422-drm-sucks-redux-microsoft-to-nuke-msn-music-drm-keys.html
Referência(s)