Radar backscatter and surface roughness measurements for stationary breaking waves
1996; Royal Society; Volume: 452; Issue: 1952 Linguagem: Inglês
10.1098/rspa.1996.0104
ISSN1471-2946
AutoresDavid T. Walker, David R. Lyzenga, Eric A. Ericson, David Lund,
Tópico(s)Tropical and Extratropical Cyclones Research
ResumoRestricted accessMoreSectionsView PDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack Citations ShareShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditEmail Cite this article Walker D. T. , Lyzenga D. R. , Ericson E. A. and Lund D. E. 1996Radar backscatter and surface roughness measurements for stationary breaking wavesProc. R. Soc. Lond. A.4521953–1984http://doi.org/10.1098/rspa.1996.0104SectionRestricted accessArticleRadar backscatter and surface roughness measurements for stationary breaking waves D. T. Walker Google Scholar Find this author on PubMed Search for more papers by this author , D. R. Lyzenga Google Scholar Find this author on PubMed Search for more papers by this author , E. A. Ericson Google Scholar Find this author on PubMed Search for more papers by this author and D. E. Lund Google Scholar Find this author on PubMed Search for more papers by this author D. T. Walker Google Scholar Find this author on PubMed , D. R. Lyzenga Google Scholar Find this author on PubMed , E. A. Ericson Google Scholar Find this author on PubMed and D. E. Lund Google Scholar Find this author on PubMed Published:01 January 1996https://doi.org/10.1098/rspa.1996.0104AbstractIn this study the surface features and the radar backscatter associated with breaking waves generated by a uniform flow past a stationary submerged hydrofoil were examined. The level of energy dissipation due to breaking was varied by changing the foil angle of attack. Time series of surface elevation profiles were obtained for the breaking crest region and the following waves. Radar backscatter (X-band) was also measured for an incidence angle of 45° with the radar looking both upwave and downwave for HH and VV polarizations. These measurements were compared to model predictions of radar backscatter using the surface elevation data as inputs to the model. The breaking crest region exhibited the largest surface disturbances, as measured by the temporal variance of the surface elevation. The maximum in the variance was associated with large low-frequency disturbances in the 'toe' region. Downstream-moving waves appear just ahead of the crest and, due primarily to interaction with the spatially varying current set up by the stationary wave, decrease in amplitude by an order of magnitude as they propagate downstream. These surface disturbances remain at a low level thereafter. A maximum radar cross-section per unit area of about 0.5 was observed near the breaking crest, for both HH and VV polarization in the upwave look direction. The maximum value for the upwave look direction was about twice as large as for the downwave look direction. Downstream of the breaking crest, the radar cross-section decreased rapidly and then leveled off, and an increasing difference between the VV and HH backscatter was observed as the overall backscatter level decreased. Near the second crest, there was a small increase in the height variance and in the radar cross-section. The surface-elevation measurements were used as inputs for a Bragg-scattering model and the expected radar backscatter was calculated. The variations in the observed radar cross-section downstream of the breaking crest are satisfactorily explained by the Bragg model when surface-tilt effects are taken into account. However, the backscatter from the breaking crest itself is not accurately predicted since, in this region, the small-scale surface roughness exceed the limits of validity for the Bragg model.FootnotesThis text was harvested from a scanned image of the original document using optical character recognition (OCR) software. As such, it may contain errors. Please contact the Royal Society if you find an error you would like to see corrected. Mathematical notations produced through Infty OCR. 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