From Autonomous State to Protectorate: German Policy Toward Slovakia
1964; Taylor & Francis; Volume: 26; Issue: 3 Linguagem: Inglês
10.1111/j.1540-6563.1964.tb00256.x
ISSN1540-6563
Autores Tópico(s)Historical Geopolitical and Social Dynamics
ResumoClick to increase image sizeClick to decrease image size Notes1. Ulrich von Hassell, Diary: The Story of the Forces against Hitler inside Germany as Recorded by Ambassador Ulrich von Hassell, a Leader of the Movement (Garden City, N.Y., 1947), 9.2. Trial of the Major War Criminals before the International Tribunal, Nuremberg, 1947‐1946 (Nuremberg, 1947‐1949), XXV, 521 ff.; Nazi Conspiracy and Aggression (Washington, 1946‐1947), I, 560, III, 372–374.3. Memorandum for the FÜhrer from Wörman, October 7, 1938, Documents on German Foreign Policy 1918‐1945 (Washington and London, 1949‐1953), Series D (1937‐1945), IV, No. 45, pp. 46–49.4. Memorandum from the Supreme Commander of the Wehrmacht to the Foreign Ministry, October 6, 1938, ibid., Ser. D, IV, No. 39, p. 40.5. Memorandum by Kordt of the Foreign Minister's Secretariat, October 8, 1938, ibid., Ser. D, IV, No. 46, p. 49.6. R.G.D. Lalfan et al., Survey of International Affairs 1938 (London, 1953), III, 120–121; Hubert Ripka, Munich: Before and After (London, 1939), 241–243.7. For opposing viewpoints see J. M. Kirschbaum, Slovakia: Nation at the Crossroads of Central Europe (New York, 1960), 86–98, and Jozef Lettrich, History of Modern Slovakia (New York, 1955), 43–66.8. Colonel Jozef Beck, Final Report (New York, 1957), 164; for a similar view, equally biased, see The Slovak Question: A Memorandum Submitted by the Slovak Council to Congress of the United States of America (Geneva, 1940), 9–82.9. For an excellent detailed account of the demands and negotiations see C. A. Macartney, A History of Hungary 1929‐1945 (New York, 1956), I, 276–305.10. Conversations between the FÜhrer and Daränyi, October 14, 1938, Documents on German Foreign Policy, Ser. D, IV, No. 62, pp. 73–77.11. Count Galeazzo Ciano, Diary 1937‐1938 (London, 1952), October 14, 1938, pp. 177–178.12. Memorandum from Franλois‐Poncet to Bonnet, French Minister for Foreign Affairs, October 20, 1938, The French Yellow Book: Diplomatic Documents concerning the Events and Negotiations which Preceded the Opening of Hostilities between Germany on One Hand, and Poland, Great Britain, and France on the Other 1938‐1939 (London, n.d.), No. 18, pp. 22–28.13. Ciano, Diary 1937‐1938, October 21, 28, 1938, pp. 181–185.14. Laffan, Survey of International Affairs 1938, III, 105.15. Memorandum from Newton, British Ambassador in Prague, November 1, 1938, Documents on British Foreign Policy 1919‐1939, ed. E. L. Woodward and Rohan Butler (London, 1949‐1952), Ser. 3, Vol. Ill, No. 245, pp. 213–218; Memorandum from Pares, British Consul in Bratislava, February 9, 1939, ibid., Ser. 3, IV, No. 97, pp. 93–99; Laffan, Survey of International Affairs 1938, III, 119–120.16. In 1929 Tuka received a fifteen‐year sentence for “treason” based on flimsy evidence according to Macartney. The treason of this former university professor had apparently been the desire to further Slovak autonomy and independence. He was released from prison in 1938 after serving nine years and fifteen days of his sentence.17. International Tribunal, Nuremberg, I, 564; Nazi Conspiracy and Aggression, III, 147–148.18. Conversation between Göring and Duransky, n.d., Documents on German Foreign Policy, Ser. D, IV, No. 68, pp. 82–83.19. Conversation between Ribbentrop, Tiso and Duransky, October 19, 1938, ibid., Ser. D, IV, No. 72, pp. 86–92.20. Conversation between Ribbentrop, Tiso and Duransky, October 19, 1938, ibid., Ser. D, IV, No. 73, pp. 92–93.21. Conversation between Göring and Duransky, November 11, 1938, ibid., Ser. D, IV, No. 112, pp. 142–143.22. Conversation between Hitler and Tuka, February 12, 1939, ibid., Ser. D, IV, No. 168, pp. 209–213.23. Karol Sidor, My Remarks on the Historic Days (Ms., 1939) and the testimony of Jozef Tiso before the National Tribunal in Bratislava, December 4, 1946, cited in Lettrich, Modern Slovakia, 105.24. Conversation between Hitler and Csäky, January 16, 1939, Documents on German Foreign Policy, Ser. D, V, No. 272, pp. 361–866.25. Annex to the Munich Agreement, September 29, 1938, French Yellow Book, No. 12, p. 12; Documents on British Foreign Policy, Ser. 3, II, No. 1224, p. 628; Documents on German Foreign Policy, Ser. D, II, No. 675, p. 1015.26. Memorandum from Coulondre, French Ambassador in Berlin, translation of German Note enclosed, March 2, 1939, French Yellow Book, No. 51, pp. 59–61; transmittal of German Note to British Foreign Office by Henderson, March 3, 1939, Documents on British Foreign Policy, Ser. 3, IV, No. 171, pp. 171–173.27. Memorandum from Coulondre, March 2, 1939, French Yellow Book, No. 51, p. 59.28. Memorandum from Hencke at Prague, March 9, 1939, Documents on German Foreign Policy, Ser. D, IV, No. 183, pp. 229–230; Memorandum from Newton in Prague, March 6, 1939, Documents on British Foreign Policy, Ser. 3, IV, No. 180, pp. 183–184; Ripka, Munich, 361.29. Memorandum from Hencke, March 9, 1939, Documents on German Foreign Policy, Ser. D, IV, No. 184, pp. 230–231.30. Laffan, Survey of International Affairs 1938, III, 226–227.31. Memorandum from Hencke, March 9, 1939, Documents on German Foreign Policy, Ser. D, IV, No. 184, p. 231, n. 3. Altenburg had noted in the margin that Ribbentrop desired to give no reply.32. Slovak (Bratislava), March 10, 1939 as cited in Ripka, Munich, 363.33. Memorandum from Pares in Bratislava, March 20, 1939, Documents on British Foreign Policy, Ser. 3, IV, No. 450, pp. 406–408.34. Telegram from Newton in Prague, March 11, 1939, ibid., Ser. 3, IV, No. 209, p. 225.35. Laffan, Survey of International Affairs 1938, III, 227.36. Memorandum from Pares in Bratislava, March 20, 1939, Documents on British Foreign Policy, Ser. 3, IV, No. 450, pp. 406–408.37. Laffan, Survey of International Affairs 1938, III, 248.38. Memorandum from de Montbas in Berlin, March 11, 1939, French Yellow Book, No. 54, p. 62; Memorandum from Henderson in Berlin, March 11, 1939, Documents on British Foreign Policy, Ser. 3, IV, No. 202, p. 222.39. Laffan, Survey of International Affairs 1938, III, 228, 249; Macartney, Hungary 1929‐1945, I, 336, n. 1.40. lbid.41. Conversation between Hitler and Tiso, March 13, 1939, Documents on German Foreign Policy, Ser. D, IV, No. 202, pp. 243–245.42. State Circular to All Foreign Missions, March 16, 1939, ibid., Ser. D, VI, No. 10, pp. 10–11.43. Stephen Borsody, The Triumph of Tyranny: The Nazi and Soviet Conquest of Central Europe (New York. 1960), 107 ff.; Kirschbaum, Slovakia, 130–145, 165–176.44. Letter from Henderson in Berlin to the Foreign Office, October 6, 1938, Documents on British Foreign Policy, Ser. 3, III, App. I, 615.45. Memorandum from Henderson in Berlin, October 7, 1938, ibid., Ser. 3, III, No. 161, pp. 125–126.46. Memorandum from Henderson in Berlin, March 10, 1939, ibid., Ser. 3, IV, No. 197, p. 218; Memorandum from Henderson in Berlin, March 11, 1939, ibid., Ser. 3, IV, No. 203, p. 223.47. Ciano, Diaries 1939‐1943: The Complete, Unabridged Diaries of Count Galeazzo Ciano, Italian Minister for Foreign Affairs, 1936‐1943, ed. by Hugh Gibson (New York, 1946), March 11, 1939, p. 41 ff.Additional informationNotes on contributorsMyron J. LowThe author is a member of Beta Alpha chapter. This essay, which was awarded one of the Phi Alpha Theta Essay Prizes for the best essay submitted by a graduate student in the contest ending July 1, 1963, was written under the supervision of Professor Oliver H. Radkey of the University of Texas. The author, a candidate for the doctorate at the University of Texas, is currently on an exchange fellowship at the Free University of Berlin.
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