Defining U.S. Indian Ocean Strategy
2012; Taylor & Francis; Volume: 35; Issue: 2 Linguagem: Inglês
10.1080/0163660x.2012.666925
ISSN1530-9177
Autores Tópico(s)Economic Zones and Regional Development
ResumoClick to increase image sizeClick to decrease image size Notes 1. U.S. Department of Defense, "Quadrennial Defense Review Report," February 2010, pp. 60–61, http://www.defense.gov/qdr/images/QDR_as_of_12Feb10_1000.pdf. 2. Australian Department of Defence, "Defending Australia in the Asia Pacific Century: Force 2030," 2009, p. 37, http://www.defence.gov.au/whitepaper/docs/defence_white_paper_2009.pdf. 3. Japanese Ministry of Defense, "National Defense Program Guidelines for FY 2011 and beyond," December 17, 2010, p. 9, http://www.mod.go.jp/e/d_act/d_policy/pdf/guidelinesFY2011.pdf. 4. Robert Kaplan, Monsoon: The Indian Ocean and the Future of American Power (New York: Random House, 2010). 5. See, for example, Hillary Clinton, "America's Pacific Century," Foreign Policy, November 2011, http://www.foreignpolicy.com/articles/2011/10/11/americas_pacific_century; Gregory R. Copley, "The Indian Ocean: Dynamic Theater for the 21st Century," Defense & Foreign Affairs and Strategic Policy 36, no. 12 (2008): pp. 11–14, 17; Lee Cordner, "Progressing Maritime Security Cooperation in the Indian Ocean," Naval War College Review 64, no. 4 (Autumn 2011): pp. 68–88, http://www.usnwc.edu/getattachment/92887ed7-4617-4ff7-adbc-edac05c97613/Progressing-Maritime-Security-Cooperation-in-the-I; James C. Hsiung, "Sea Power, the Law of the Sea, and the Sino-Japanese East China Sea 'Resource War'," American Foreign Policy Interests 27, no. 6 (2005): pp. 513–529; Adrian Pabst, "Central Eurasia in the Emerging Global Balance of Power," Australian Foreign Policy Interests 31, no. 3 (2009): pp. 166–176; and Brian Wilson, "Naval Diplomacy and Maritime Security in the Western Indian Ocean," Strategic Analysis 33, no. 4 (2009): pp. 488–497. 6. Indian Ocean Naval Symposium, http://indiannavy.nic.in/ions/welcome_to_ions_website_new.htm. 7. The authors wish to acknowledge Ashley Tellis for suggesting the notion of the Indian Ocean as a "highway" and encouraging the authors to develop their proposals in this article. 8. Alexander Wilner and Anthony H. Cordesman, "Iran and the Gulf Military Balance," Center for Strategic and International Studies, December 1, 2011, http://csis.org/files/publication/111128_Iran_Gulf_Military_Bal.pdf; Thomas Erdbrink, "Iran unlikely to block oil shipments through Strait of Hormuz, analysts say," The Washington Post, December 28, 2011, http://www.washingtonpost.com/world/middle_east/despite-threats-iran-unlikely-to-block-oil-shipments-through-strait-of-hormuz/2011/12/28/gIQAVSOSMP_story.html; and Robert Kaplan, "The South China Sea is the Future of Conflict," Foreign Policy, Sept/Oct 2011, http://www.foreignpolicy.com/articles/2011/08/15/the_south_china_sea_is_the_future_of_conflict. 9. Howard Chua-Eoan, "Beyond Pirates: On the High Seas, an Indian-China Rivalry," Time, April 8, 2009, http://www.time.com/time/world/article/0,8599,1890251,00.html. 10. See, for example, International Institute for Strategic Studies, Strategic Survey 2011: The Annual Review of World Affairs (Milton Park: Routledge, 2011), p. 339; and David Brewster, "An Indian Sphere of Influence in the Indian Ocean?" Security Challenges 6, no. 3 (Spring 2010): p. 5. 11. Christopher D. Yung and Ross Rustici with Isaac Kardon and Joshua Wiseman, "China's Out of Area Naval Operations: Case Studies, Trajectories, Obstacles, and Potential Solutions," National Defense University, December 2010, http://www.ndu.edu/inss/docuploaded/ChinaStrategicPerspectives3.pdf. 12. Strategic Survey 2011, p. 134. 13. Toshi Yoshihara and James R. Holmes, Red Star over the Pacific: China's Rise and the Challenge to U.S. Maritime Strategy (Annapolis: Naval Institute Press, 2010), pp. 21–26. 14. Toshi Yoshihara and James R. Holmes, Red Star over the Pacific: China's Rise and the Challenge to U.S. Maritime Strategy (Annapolis: Naval Institute Press, 2010), p. 23. 15. See, for example, Brewster, pp. 5–7; and Ashley Townshend, "Unraveling China's 'String of Pearls'," YaleGlobal Online, September 16, 2011, http://www.lowyinstitute.org/Publication.asp?pid=1701. 16. Iskander Rehman, "China's String of Pearls and India's Enduring Tactical Advantage," Institute for Defence Studies and Analyses, June 8, 2010, http://www.idsa.in/idsacomments/ChinasStringofPearlsandIndiasEnduringTacticalAdvantage_irehman_080610. 17. The authors are grateful to Paul S. Giarra, who develops this concept in, "China's Maritime Salient: Competitive Strategies on the Oceanic Front For the 21st Century," in Competitive Strategies for China, ed. Thomas Mahnken (Stanford University Press, forthcoming, 2012). 18. Yoshihara and Holmes, pp. 52–54. 19. James R. Holmes and Toshi Yoshihara, "China and the United States in the Indian Ocean: An Emerging Strategic Triangle?" Naval War College Review 61, no. 3 (Summer 2008): pp. 41–60, at p. 45, http://www.usnwc.edu/getattachment/75c4e264-64f2-4b4f-b5ff-8f09ad5d8ccf/China-and-the-United-States-in-the-Indian-Ocean—A. 20. Hans M. Kristensen, "New Chinese SSBN Deploys to Hainan Island," FAS Strategic Security Blog, April 24, 2008, http://www.fas.org/blog/ssp/2008/04/new-chinese-ssbn-deploys-to-hainan-island-naval-base.php. 21. IISS estimates that China may be able to project power beyond its near abroad in substantial, joint-service operations by 2050. See Strategic Survey 2011, p. 135. 22. Ronald O'Rourke, "China Naval Modernization: Implications for U.S. Navy Capabilities – Background and Issues for Congress," Congressional Research Service, July 17, 2009, p. 13, http://fpc.state.gov/documents/organization/128334.pdf. 23. For details, see "Documents on ASEAN and the South China Sea," http://cil.nus.edu.sg/wp/wp-content/uploads/2011/06/Documents-on-ASEAN-and-South-China-Sea-as-of-June-2011.pdf; and Hillary Rodham Clinton, "Remarks on Regional Architecture in Asia: Principles and Priorities," January 12, 2010, http://www.state.gov/secretary/rm/2010/01/135090.htm. 24. Bonnie S. Glaser, "Ensuring the 'Go Abroad' Policy Serves China's Domestic Priorities," China Brief 7, no. 5 (May 9, 2007), http://www.jamestown.org/single/?no_cache=1&tx_ttnews[tt_news]=4038. 25. Carlyle A. Thayer, "China's New Wave of Aggressiveness in the South China Sea," Paper to Conference on Maritime Security in the South China Sea, sponsored by the Center for Strategic and International Studies, June 20-21, 2011, http://csis.org/files/publication/110629_Thayer_South_China_Sea.pdf. 26. See Rory Medcalf, "Unselfish giants? Understanding China and India as security providers," Australian Journal of International Affairs, Special Issue: Collaboration, Governance, and Security in the Asia-Pacific: Challenges for Australia and China, July 2011. 27. See Barack Obama, "Remarks By President Obama to the Australian Parliament," The White House, November 17, 2011, http://www.whitehouse.gov/the-press-office/2011/11/17/remarks-president-obama-australian-parliament; Barack Obama, "Remarks by the President on the Defense Strategic Review," The White House, January 5, 2012, http://www.whitehouse.gov/the-press-office/2012/01/05/remarks-president-defense-strategic-review; and Hillary Clinton, "America's Pacific Century." 28. See, for example, Michael Mazza, "Two Wars and the 38th Parallel," The American, January 31, 2012, http://www.american.com/archive/2012/january/two-wars-and-the-38th-parallel. 29. See Kori Schake, "The need for honest risk assessment," ForeignPolicy.com, January 5, 2012, http://shadow.foreignpolicy.com/posts/2012/01/05/the_need_for_honest_risk_assessment. 30. See "Shared Goals, Converging Interests: A Plan for U.S.-Australia-India Cooperation in the Indo-Pacific," Joint Project by Scholars from The Heritage Foundation, the Lowy Institute for International Policy, and the Observer Research Foundation, November 3, 2011, http://www.heritage.org/research/reports/2011/11/shared-goals-converging-interests-a-plan-for-u-s-australia-india-cooperation-in-the-indo-pacific. 31. Rick "Ozzie" Nelson and Scott Goossens, "Counter-Piracy in the Arabian Sea: Challenges and Opportunities for GCC Action," Center for Strategic and International Studies, May 2011, pp. 1-2, http://csis.org/files/publication/110509_GulfAnalysis_Counter_piracy_inthe_ArabianSea.pdf. 32. Rick "Ozzie" Nelson and Scott Goossens, "Counter-Piracy in the Arabian Sea: Challenges and Opportunities for GCC Action," Center for Strategic and International Studies, May 2011, p. 6. Additional informationNotes on contributorsMichael J. Green Michael J. Green is Senior Advisor and Japan Chair at CSIS in Washington, D.C., and Associate Professor at the Edmund A. Walsh School of Foreign Service, Georgetown University Andrew Shearer Andrew Shearer is Director of Studies and a Senior Research Fellow at the Lowy Institute for International Policy in Australia
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